Bacillus licheniformis (CIP A156, NCTC 6816)

Name: Bacillus licheniformis (CIP A156, NCTC 6816)
Creator: BacDive
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

BacDive ID 134785

Type strain

Culture col. no. CIP A156 NCTC 6816

NCBI tax ID(s) 1402

Special Collections CIP

History 1952, J. Ungar, Glaxo Lab. Ltd, UK: strain Ungar, Bacillus sp. CIP <- 1952, J. Ungar, Glaxo Lab. Ltd, UK: strain Ungar, Bacillus sp.

Links

Bacillus licheniformis CIP A156 is a facultative anaerobe, Gram-positive, motile bacterium of the family Bacillaceae.

Gram-positive motile rod-shaped facultative anaerobe genome sequence Bacteria

Name and taxonomic classification

SI-ID 59386

NCTC 6816,NCIMB 6816,CCM2182,NCDO727,NCFB 727,NCIB 6816,VKM B-741,LMD 46.14,CIP A156,NCCB 46014,BCRC 15413,CCRC 15413,NCIM 2537

@ref 20215

Last LPSN update 2026-02-09 11:32:16

Domain Bacteria

Phylum Bacillota

Class Bacilli

Order Caryophanales

Family Bacillaceae

Genus Bacillus

Species Bacillus licheniformis

Full scientific name Bacillus licheniformis (Weigmann 1898) Chester 1901 (Approved Lists 1980)

Synonyms (1)

"Clostridium licheniforme"

BacDive ID	Other strains from **Bacillus licheniformis** (119)	Type strain
689	B. licheniformis Gibson 46, 46, 1264, DSM 13, ATCC 14580, ... (type strain)
684	B. licheniformis III, CCUG 26007, LMG 7561, DSM 392
685	B. licheniformis IV, DSM 394
686	B. licheniformis Tracy I, DSM 603, ATCC 10716, CCM 2181, IFO ...
687	B. licheniformis DSM 1913, ATCC 21733
688	B. licheniformis DSM 1969, ATCC 21424
690	B. licheniformis C, DSM 15
691	B. licheniformis DSM 7259, NRRL NRS-1263
692	B. licheniformis 2, DSM 7459
693	B. licheniformis 749/c, DSM 8782, ATCC 25972, DSM 46217, IMET ...
694	B. licheniformis AMNH 723, BU 171, CCDB b-30, Ford 1, Hankey ...
695	B. licheniformis SUD K2, DSM 11258
696	B. licheniformis SUD K3, DSM 11259
697	B. licheniformis 1.1B, 1.1.B, DSM 12369, CIP 108208
698	B. licheniformis 51.1, DSM 12370, CIP 108209
699	B. licheniformis ES2-W12c1, DSM 30654
700	B. licheniformis ES1-140-3, DSM 30523
701	B. licheniformis ES1-182-4, DSM 30535
702	B. licheniformis ES2-W1c2, DSM 30615
703	B. licheniformis ES1-188-4, DSM 30542
704	B. licheniformis ES1-417-1, DSM 30585
705	B. licheniformis ES2-W2c2, DSM 30620
706	B. licheniformis ES2-W3c1, DSM 30624
707	B. licheniformis ES2-W7c2, DSM 30643
708	B. licheniformis FR1-89con, DSM 30724
709	B. licheniformis ES-MS4, DSM 30766
710	B. licheniformis ES-MS18, DSM 30769
711	B. licheniformis W6/2, DSM 30778
712	B. licheniformis W7/3, DSM 30779
713	B. licheniformis E11, DSM 30865
130860	B. licheniformis P-11, DSM 100655
130859	B. licheniformis P-9, DSM 100653
130858	B. licheniformis D2411, DSM 28591
22912	B. licheniformis P8/2_1, DSM 30926
23615	B. licheniformis T5a, DSM 30959
23616	B. licheniformis T5c, DSM 30961
130163	B. licheniformis 3G1B1, DSM 26543
130164	B. licheniformis SHG10, DSM 28096
130165	B. licheniformis T5b, DSM 30960
130166	B. licheniformis G9, DSM 31019
130167	B. licheniformis T2_2, DSM 30976
131627	B. licheniformis Stev55, DSM 103059
134876	B. licheniformis 664.81, As-16-3, CIP 81.50
134877	B. licheniformis 665.81, BS3, CIP 81.51
134893	B. licheniformis 719.86, CIP 102707
134938	B. licheniformis 10.87, CIP 102759
135271	B. licheniformis CIP 58.29
135464	B. licheniformis 6.87, CIP 102755
135707	B. licheniformis 666.81, CIP 81.52, UC 8
135960	B. licheniformis 2151, CIP 51.26
136046	B. licheniformis 379-86, CIP 102384
136103	B. licheniformis 506.86, CIP 102497
136170	B. licheniformis CIP A42
136411	B. licheniformis BS 3, CIP 105462
136987	B. licheniformis KG9, CIP 109282
137211	B. licheniformis 380-86, CIP 102385
137758	B. licheniformis 662.85, CIP 101825
137932	B. licheniformis 201-86, CIP 102229
137933	B. licheniformis 202-86, CIP 102230
138681	B. licheniformis 897.85, CIP 101950
138743	B. licheniformis 681.86, CIP 102681
139208	B. licheniformis 1265, 601, CIP 52.72
139405	B. licheniformis CIP 53.172, ATCC 8187, NCTC 2120, NRRL NRS-778, ...
143606	B. licheniformis CCUG 20568
143631	B. licheniformis CCUG 20661
144640	B. licheniformis CCUG 26008, LMG 7626
145068	B. licheniformis CCUG 27592
145354	B. licheniformis CCUG 28267 A
145378	B. licheniformis CCUG 28324
145530	B. licheniformis CCUG 28771
146513	B. licheniformis CCUG 31354
146881	B. licheniformis CCUG 32353
147252	B. licheniformis CCUG 33204
147366	B. licheniformis CCUG 33464
147902	B. licheniformis CCUG 34458
148398	B. licheniformis CCUG 35363
149019	B. licheniformis CCUG 36735
149287	B. licheniformis CCUG 37423
149599	B. licheniformis CCUG 38039
150186	B. licheniformis CCUG 39222
150481	B. licheniformis CCUG 41410
150482	B. licheniformis CCUG 41412
150515	B. licheniformis CCUG 41470
150516	B. licheniformis CCUG 41471
150623	B. licheniformis CCUG 41786
150656	B. licheniformis CCUG 41881
150768	B. licheniformis CCUG 42256
150874	B. licheniformis CCUG 42605
151172	B. licheniformis CCUG 43404
151173	B. licheniformis CCUG 43405
151174	B. licheniformis CCUG 43406
151175	B. licheniformis CCUG 43407
151177	B. licheniformis CCUG 43409
151178	B. licheniformis CCUG 43410
151179	B. licheniformis CCUG 43411
151180	B. licheniformis CCUG 43412
151218	B. licheniformis CCUG 43486
151229	B. licheniformis CCUG 43512 A
151645	B. licheniformis CCUG 44512
151702	B. licheniformis CCUG 44671
151741	B. licheniformis CCUG 44767
151801	B. licheniformis CCUG 44939
153016	B. licheniformis CCUG 48322
153178	B. licheniformis CCUG 48650
157593	B. licheniformis 2C-C25, DSM 105525
158838	B. licheniformis K26-3, DSM 109521
158839	B. licheniformis CA-T2, DSM 110955
162879	B. licheniformis JCM 20329, IAM 11054
169165	B. licheniformis B1, DSM 103640
169166	B. licheniformis CLA-AP-5, DSM 111625
169167	B. licheniformis Turin101221_C9a2, DSM 113557
169168	B. licheniformis Turin3-S41, DSM 113927
169169	B. licheniformis Turin4- S28, DSM 113928
169170	B. licheniformis Turin15-W31, DSM 113931
173146	B. licheniformis CIMB24, CIMB 04-8363, CRBIP17.24
173147	B. licheniformis CIMB 04-5439, CRBIP17.26
174352	B. licheniformis MM1_1, DSM 110489
174353	B. licheniformis PD1_1, DSM 110495
174354	B. licheniformis HUN382, VTM3R78, DSM 116458

Morphology

Cell morphology

@ref	Gram stain	Cell shape	Motility
33430	positive	rod-shaped

Colony morphology

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Composition	Medium link
33430	MEDIUM 3 - Columbia agar	Columbia agar (39.000 g);distilled water (1000.000 ml)
33430	CIP Medium 3		Medium recipe at CIP
33430	CIP Medium 72		Medium recipe at CIP

Culture temp

@ref	Growth	Type	Temperature (°C)
33430	positive	growth	30
33430	positive	growth	22-45
33430	negative	growth	10
33430	negative	growth	55

Culture pH

@ref	Ability	Type	PH
33430	positive	growth	6

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

33430

Oxygen tolerancefacultative anaerobe

Spore formation

@ref	Spore formation	Confidence
125438		94.763

Halophily

@ref	Salt	Growth	Tested relation	Concentration
33430	NaCl	positive	growth	0-10 %

Metabolite utilization

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Utilization activity	Kind of utilization tested
68371	27613 ChEBI	amygdalin	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	18305 ChEBI	arbutin	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17057 ChEBI	cellobiose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
33430	16947 ChEBI	citrate	-	carbon source
68371	17108 ChEBI	D-arabinose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	18333 ChEBI	D-arabitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	15824 ChEBI	D-fructose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28847 ChEBI	D-fucose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	12936 ChEBI	D-galactose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17634 ChEBI	D-glucose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	62318 ChEBI	D-lyxose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16899 ChEBI	D-mannitol	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16024 ChEBI	D-mannose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16988 ChEBI	D-ribose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17924 ChEBI	D-sorbitol	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16443 ChEBI	D-tagatose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	65327 ChEBI	D-xylose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17113 ChEBI	erythritol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
33430	4853 ChEBI	esculin	+	hydrolysis
68371	4853 ChEBI	esculin	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16813 ChEBI	galactitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28066 ChEBI	gentiobiose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	24265 ChEBI	gluconate	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17754 ChEBI	glycerol	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28087 ChEBI	glycogen	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
33430	606565 ChEBI	hippurate	+	hydrolysis
68371	15443 ChEBI	inulin	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	30849 ChEBI	L-arabinose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	18403 ChEBI	L-arabitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	18287 ChEBI	L-fucose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17266 ChEBI	L-sorbose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	65328 ChEBI	L-xylose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17306 ChEBI	maltose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	6731 ChEBI	melezitose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	320061 ChEBI	methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	43943 ChEBI	methyl alpha-D-mannoside	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	74863 ChEBI	methyl beta-D-xylopyranoside	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17268 ChEBI	myo-inositol	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	59640 ChEBI	N-acetylglucosamine	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
33430	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	+	reduction
33430	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	+	respiration
33430	16301 ChEBI	nitrite	-	reduction
68371		Potassium 2-ketogluconate	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371		Potassium 5-ketogluconate	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	15963 ChEBI	ribitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17814 ChEBI	salicin	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28017 ChEBI	starch	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17992 ChEBI	sucrose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	27082 ChEBI	trehalose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	32528 ChEBI	turanose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17151 ChEBI	xylitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid

Metabolite production

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Production
33430	35581 ChEBI	indole

Metabolite tests

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Voges-proskauer-test	Methylred-test
33430	15688 ChEBI	acetoin	+
33430	17234 ChEBI	glucose		-

Enzymes

@ref	Value	Activity	Ec
68382	acid phosphatase	+	3.1.3.2	from API zym
33430	alcohol dehydrogenase	+	1.1.1.1
68382	alkaline phosphatase	+	3.1.3.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-chymotrypsin	-	3.4.21.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-fucosidase	-	3.2.1.51	from API zym
68382	alpha-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.22	from API zym
68382	alpha-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.20	from API zym
68382	alpha-mannosidase	-	3.2.1.24	from API zym
33430	amylase	+
68382	beta-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.23	from API zym
33430	beta-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.23
68382	beta-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.21	from API zym
68382	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API zym
33430	caseinase	+	3.4.21.50
33430	catalase	-	1.11.1.6
68382	cystine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.3	from API zym
68382	esterase (C 4)	+		from API zym
68382	esterase lipase (C 8)	+		from API zym
33430	gamma-glutamyltransferase	+	2.3.2.2
33430	gelatinase	+
33430	lecithinase	-
68382	leucine arylamidase	+	3.4.11.1	from API zym
33430	lipase	-
68382	lipase (C 14)	-		from API zym
33430	lysine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.18
68382	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	-	3.2.1.52	from API zym
68382	naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	+		from API zym
33430	ornithine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.17
33430	oxidase	-
68382	trypsin	-	3.4.21.4	from API zym
33430	urease	+	3.5.1.5
68382	valine arylamidase	-		from API zym

API zym

@ref	Control	Alkaline phosphatase	Esterase (C 4)	2-naphtyl caprylateEsterase Lipase (C 8)	Lipase (C 14)	L-leucyl-2-naphthylamideLeucine arylamidase	L-valyl-2-naphthylamideValine arylamidase	L-cystyl-2-naphthylamideCystine arylamidase	Trypsin	alpha- Chymotrypsin	Acid phosphatase	Naphthol-AS-BI-phosphateNaphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	alpha- Galactosidase	beta- Galactosidase	beta- Glucuronidase	alpha- Glucosidase	beta- Glucosidase	N-acetyl-beta- glucosaminidase	alpha- Mannosidase	alpha- Fucosidase
33430	-	+	+	+	-	+	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	+	-	+	+	-	-	-

API 50CHac

@ref	ControlQ	GLY	ERY	DARA	LARA	RIB	DXYL	LXYL	ADO	MDX	GAL	GLU	FRU	MNE	SBE	RHA	DUL	INO	MAN	SOR	MDM	MDG	NAG	AMY	ARB	ESC	SAL	CEL	MAL	LAC	MEL	SAC	TRE	INU	MLZ	RAF	AMD	GLYG	XLT	GEN	TUR	LYX	TAG	DFUC	LFUC	DARL	LARL	GNT	2KG	5KG
33430	not determinedn.d.	+	-	-	+	+	+	-	-	-	+	+	+	+	-	+/-	-	+	+	+	-	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+/-	+/-	+	+	+	-	+/-	+	+	-	+	+	-	+	-	-	-	-	+	-	-

API biotype100

@ref	ControlQ	D-glucose as carbon sourceGLU	D-fructose as carbon sourceFRU	D-galactose as carbon sourceGAL	D-trehalose as carbon sourceTRE	D-mannose as carbon sourceMNE	L-sorbose as carbon sourceSBE	D-melibiose as carbon sourceMEL	sucrose as carbon sourceSAC	D-raffinose as carbon sourceRAF	maltotriose as carbon sourceMTE	maltose as carbon sourceMAL	lactose as carbon sourceLAC	lactulose as carbon sourceLTE	1-O-methyl-beta-galactopyranoside as carbon sourceMbGa	1-O-methyl-alpha-galactopyranoside as carbon sourceMaGa	D-cellobiose as carbon sourceCEL	gentiobiose as carbon sourceGEN	1-O-methyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside as carbon sourceMbGu	esculin as carbon sourceESC	D-ribose as carbon sourceRIB	L-arabinose as carbon sourceARA	D-xylose as carbon sourceXYL	palatinose as carbon sourcePLE	L-rhamnose as carbon sourceRHA	L-fucose as carbon sourceFUC	D-melezitose as carbon sourceMLZ	D-arabitol as carbon sourceDARL	L-arabitol as carbon sourceLARL	xylitol as carbon sourceXLT	dulcitol as carbon sourceDUL	D-tagatose as carbon sourceTAG	glycerol as carbon sourceGLY	myo-inositol as carbon sourceINO	D-mannitol as carbon sourceMAN	maltitol as carbon sourceMTL	D-turanose as carbon sourceTUR	D-sorbitol as carbon sourceSOR	adonitol as carbon sourceADO	hydroxyquinoline-beta-glucuronide as carbon sourceHBG	D-lyxose as carbon sourceLYX	i-erythritol as carbon sourceERY	1-O-methyl-alpha-D-glucoside as carbon sourceMDG	3-O-methyl-D-glucose as carbon source3MDG	D-saccharate as carbon sourceSAT	mucate as carbon sourceMUC	L-tartrate as carbon sourceLTAT	D-tartrate as carbon sourceDTAT	meso-tartrate as carbon sourceMTAT	D-malate as carbon sourceDMLT	L-malate as carbon sourceLMLT	cis-aconitate as carbon sourceCATE	trans-aconitate as carbon sourceTATE	tricarballylate as carbon sourceTTE	citrate as carbon sourceCIT	D-glucuronate as carbon sourceGRT	D-galacturonate as carbon sourceGAT	2-ketogluconate as carbon source2KG	5-ketogluconate as carbon source5KG	tryptophan as carbon sourceTRY	N-acetyl-D-glucosamine as carbon sourceNAG	D-gluconate as carbon sourceGNT	phenylacetate as carbon sourcePAC	protocatechuate as carbon sourcePAT	4-hydroxybenzoate as carbon sourcepOBE	quinate as carbon sourceQAT	gentisate as carbon sourceGTE	3-hydroxybenzoate as carbon sourcemOBE	benzoate as carbon sourceBAT	3-phenylpropionate as carbon sourcePPAT	m-coumarate as carbon sourceCMT	trigonelline as carbon sourceTGE	betaine as carbon sourceBET	putrescine as carbon sourcePCE	4-aminobutyrate as carbon sourceABT	histamine as carbon sourceHIN	DL-lactate as carbon sourceLAT	caprate as carbon sourceCAP	caprylate as carbon sourceCYT	L-histidine as carbon sourceHIS	succinate as carbon sourceSUC	fumarate as carbon sourceFUM	glutarate as carbon sourceGRE	DL-glycerate as carbon sourceGYT	5-aminovalerate as carbon sourceAVT	ethanolamine as carbon sourceETN	tryptamine as carbon sourceTTN	D-glucosamine as carbon sourceGLN	itaconate as carbon sourceITA	3-hydroxybutyrate as carbon source3OBU	L-aspartate as carbon sourceAPT	L-glutamate as carbon sourceGTT	L-proline as carbon sourcePRO	D-alanine as carbon sourceDALA	L-alanine as carbon sourceLALA	L-serine as carbon sourceSER	malonate as carbon sourceMNT	propionate as carbon sourcePROP	L-tyrosine as carbon sourceTYR	2-ketoglutarate as carbon source2KT
33430	not determinedn.d.	+	+	+	+	+	-	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	+	-	+	+	-	-	+	+	+	+	-	-	+	+	+	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	+	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	+	-	+

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

@ref	Biosafety level	Biosafety level comment
33430	1	Risk group (French classification)

Sequence information

Genome sequences

@ref	Description	Assembly level	INSDC accession	BV-BRC accession	NCBI tax ID	Score
66792	ASM783203v1 assembly for Bacillus licheniformis NCTC 6816	scaffold	GCA_007832035	1402.351	1402	72.97

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Predictions from Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 based on: Bacillus licheniformis NCTC 6816
NCBI: GCA_007832035

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125439	spore_formation	BacteriaNetⓘ	no	60.90	no
125439	motility	BacteriaNetⓘ	no	50.80	no
125439	gram_stain	BacteriaNetⓘ	variable	83.60	no
125439	oxygen_tolerance	BacteriaNetⓘ	obligate aerobe	82.70	no

Predictions from bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets based on: Bacillus licheniformis NCTC 6816
NCBI: GCA_007832035.1

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125438	gram-positive	gram-positiveⓘ	yes	80.81	no
125438	anaerobic	anaerobicⓘ	no	91.64	yes
125438	aerobic	aerobicⓘ	no	56.93	no
125438	spore-forming	spore-formingⓘ	yes	94.76	no
125438	thermophilic	thermophileⓘ	no	94.51	no
125438	flagellated	motile2+ⓘ	yes	87.60	no

Literature

References

#20215	Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. IJSEM ( DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 )
#33430	Collection of Institut Pasteur ; Curators of the CIP; CIP A156
#66792	Julia Koblitz, Joaquim Sardà, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Boyke Bunk, Jörg Overmann: Automatically annotated for the DiASPora project (Digital Approaches for the Synthesis of Poorly Accessible Biodiversity Information) .
#68371	Automatically annotated from API 50CH acid .
#68382	Automatically annotated from API zym .
#125438	Julia Koblitz, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Rüdiger Pukall, Jörg Overmann: Predicting bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets. 2024 ( DOI 10.1101/2024.08.12.607695 )
#125439	Philipp Münch, René Mreches, Martin Binder, Hüseyin Anil Gündüz, Xiao-Yin To, Alice McHardy: deepG: Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 .
#126262	A. Lissin, I. Schober, J. F. Witte, H. Lüken, A. Podstawka, J. Koblitz, B. Bunk, P. Dawyndt, P. Vandamme, P. de Vos, J. Overmann, L. C. Reimer: StrainInfo—the central database for linked microbial strain identifiers. ( DOI 10.1093/database/baaf059 )

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