Pseudonocardia thermophila (DSM 43832, ATCC 19285, CBS 277.66)

Cell morphology

Colony morphology

Multicellular morphology

Multimedia

• @ref:	11316
  multimedia content:	DSM_43832.jpg
  multimedia.multimedia content:	https://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/photos/DSM_43832.jpg
  caption:	Medium 65 50°C
  intellectual property rights:	© Leibniz-Institut DSMZ
  manual_annotation:	1

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Growth	Medium link	Composition
11316	GYM STREPTOMYCES MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 65)		Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: GYM STREPTOMYCES MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 65) Composition: Agar 18.0 g/l Malt extract 10.0 g/l Yeast extract 4.0 g/l Glucose 4.0 g/l CaCO3 2.0 g/l Distilled water
19601	ISP 2			Name: ISP 2 / Yeast Malt Agar (5265); 5265 Composition Malt extract 10.0 g/l Yeast extract 4.0 g/l Glucose 4.0 g/l Agar 15.0 g/l Preparation: Sterilisation: 20 minutes at 121°C pH before sterilisation: 7.0 Usage: Maintenance and Taxonomy Organisms: All Actinomycetes
19601	ISP 3			Name: ISP 3; 5315 Composition Dog oat flakes 20.0 g/l Trace element solution (5314) 2.5 ml/l Agar 18.0 g/l Preparation: Oat flakes are cooked for 20 minutes, trace element solution and agar are added (in the case of non rolled oat flakes the suspension has to bee filtrated). Sterilisation: 20 minutes at 121°C pH before sterilisation: 7.8 Usage: Maintenance and taxonomy (e.g. SEM As liquid medium for metabolite production) Organisms: All Actinomycetes Trace element solution 5314 Name: Trace element solution 5314; 5314 Composition CaCl2 x H2O 3.0 g/l Fe-III-citrate 1.0 g/l MnSO4 0.2 g/l ZnCl2 0.1 g/l CuSO4 x 5 H2O 0.025 g/l Sodium tetra borate 0.2 g/l CoCl2 x 6 H2O 0.004 g/l Sodium molybdate 0.01 g/l Preparation: Use double destillated water. Sterilisation: 20 minutes at 121°C pH before sterilisation: Usage: Trace element solution for different media Organisms:
19601	ISP 4			Name: ISP 4; DSM 547 Solution I: Difco soluble starch, 10.0 g. Make a paste of the starch with a small amount of cold distilled water and bring to a volume of 500 ml. Solution II: CaCO3 2.0 g K2HPO4 (anhydrous) 1.0 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 1.0 g NaCl 1.0 g (NH4)2SO4 2.0 g Distilled water 500.0 ml Trace salt solution (see below) 1.0 ml The pH should be between 7.0 and 7.4. Do not adjust if it is within this range. Mix solutions I and II together. Add 20.0 g agar. Liquify agar by steaming at 100°C for 10 to 20 min. Trace element solution: FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.1 g MnCl2 x 4 H2O 0.1 g ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.1 g Distilled water 100.0 ml
19601	ISP 5			Name: ISP 5 (5323) Composition L-Asparagine 1.0 g/l Glycerol 10.0 g/l K2HPO4 1.0 g/l Salt solution (see preparation) 1.0 ml/l Agar 20.0 g/l Preparation: Salt solution 1.0 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 1.0 g MnCl2 x 4 H2O 1.0 g ZNSO4 x 7 H2O in 100 ml water Sterilisation: 20 minutes at 121°C pH before sterilisation: 7.2 Usage: Maintenance and taxonomy Organisms: All Actinomycetes
19601	ISP 6			Name: ISP 6 (5318) Composition Peptone 15.0 g/l Proteose peptose 5.0 g/l Ferric ammonium citrate 0.5 g/l Sodium glycerophosphate 1.0 g/l Sodium thiosulfate 0.08 g/l Yeast extract 1.0 g/l Agar 15.0 g/l Sterilisation: 20 minutes at 121°C pH before sterilisation: Usage: Production of melanoid pigments Organisms: All Actinomycetes
19601	ISP 7			Name: ISP 7 (5322) Composition Glycerol 15.0 g/l L-Tyrosine 0.5 g/l L-Asparagine 1.0 g/l K2HPO4 0.5 g/l NaCl 0.5 g/l FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.01 g/l Trace element solution 5343 1.0 ml/l Agar 20.0 Sterilisation: 20 minutes at 121°C pH before sterilisation: 7.3 Usage: Production of melanoid pigments Organisms: All Actinomycetes

Culture temp

Oxygen tolerance

Spore formation

Halophily

Observation

Metabolite utilization

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Utilization activity	Kind of utilization tested
19601	22599 ChEBI	arabinose	-
68368	29016 ChEBI	arginine	-	hydrolysis	from API 20E
19601	62968 ChEBI	cellulose	-
68368	16947 ChEBI	citrate	+	assimilation	from API 20E
19601	28757 ChEBI	fructose	-
68368	5291 ChEBI	gelatin	+	hydrolysis	from API 20E
19601	17234 ChEBI	glucose	+
68368	25094 ChEBI	lysine	+	degradation	from API 20E
19601	29864 ChEBI	mannitol	-
19601	17268 ChEBI	myo-inositol	+/-
68368	18257 ChEBI	ornithine	+	degradation	from API 20E
19601	16634 ChEBI	raffinose	-
19601	26546 ChEBI	rhamnose	-
19601	17992 ChEBI	sucrose	-
68368	27897 ChEBI	tryptophan	-	energy source	from API 20E
68368	16199 ChEBI	urea	+	hydrolysis	from API 20E
19601	18222 ChEBI	xylose	-

Metabolite production

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Production
68368	15688 ChEBI	acetoin		from API 20E
68368	16136 ChEBI	hydrogen sulfide		from API 20E
68368	35581 ChEBI	indole		from API 20E

Metabolite tests

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Voges-proskauer-test	Indole test
68368	15688 ChEBI	acetoin	-		from API 20E
68368	35581 ChEBI	indole		-	from API 20E

Enzymes

@ref	Value	Activity	Ec
68382	acid phosphatase	+	3.1.3.2	from API zym
68382	alkaline phosphatase	+	3.1.3.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-chymotrypsin	+	3.4.21.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-fucosidase	+	3.2.1.51	from API zym
68382	alpha-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.22	from API zym
68382	alpha-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.20	from API zym
68382	alpha-mannosidase	-	3.2.1.24	from API zym
68368	arginine dihydrolase	-	3.5.3.6	from API 20E
68382	beta-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.23	from API zym
68368	beta-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.23	from API 20E
68382	beta-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.21	from API zym
68382	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API zym
68382	cystine arylamidase	+	3.4.11.3	from API zym
68382	esterase (C 4)	-		from API zym
68382	esterase lipase (C 8)	+		from API zym
68368	gelatinase	+		from API 20E
68382	leucine arylamidase	+	3.4.11.1	from API zym
68382	lipase (C 14)	-		from API zym
68368	lysine decarboxylase	+	4.1.1.18	from API 20E
68382	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	+	3.2.1.52	from API zym
68382	naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	+		from API zym
68368	ornithine decarboxylase	+	4.1.1.17	from API 20E
68382	trypsin	+	3.4.21.4	from API zym
68368	tryptophan deaminase	-	4.1.99.1	from API 20E
68368	urease	+	3.5.1.5	from API 20E
68382	valine arylamidase	+		from API zym

Pathway annotation

Computationally determined by

@ref	pathway	enzyme coverage	annotated reactions	external links
66794	L-lactaldehyde degradation	100	3 of 3
66794	cardiolipin biosynthesis	100	7 of 7
66794	threonine metabolism	100	10 of 10
66794	ethanol fermentation	100	2 of 2
66794	4-hydroxymandelate degradation	100	9 of 9
66794	enterobactin biosynthesis	100	3 of 3
66794	palmitate biosynthesis	100	22 of 22
66794	ppGpp biosynthesis	100	4 of 4
66794	butanoate fermentation	100	4 of 4
66794	resorcinol degradation	100	2 of 2
66794	valine metabolism	100	9 of 9
66794	gallate degradation	100	5 of 5
66794	adipate degradation	100	2 of 2
66794	phenylmercury acetate degradation	100	2 of 2
66794	acetate fermentation	100	4 of 4
66794	starch degradation	100	10 of 10
66794	biotin biosynthesis	100	4 of 4
66794	methylglyoxal degradation	100	5 of 5
66794	cis-vaccenate biosynthesis	100	2 of 2
66794	formaldehyde oxidation	100	3 of 3
66794	coenzyme A metabolism	100	4 of 4
66794	sulfopterin metabolism	100	4 of 4
66794	CDP-diacylglycerol biosynthesis	100	2 of 2
66794	folate polyglutamylation	100	1 of 1
66794	UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis	100	3 of 3
66794	suberin monomers biosynthesis	100	2 of 2
66794	anapleurotic synthesis of oxalacetate	100	1 of 1
66794	vitamin K metabolism	100	5 of 5
66794	cellulose degradation	100	5 of 5
66794	ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway	100	5 of 5
66794	myo-inositol biosynthesis	100	10 of 10
66794	phenylacetate degradation (aerobic)	100	5 of 5
66794	glycolate and glyoxylate degradation	100	6 of 6
66794	reductive acetyl coenzyme A pathway	100	7 of 7
66794	photosynthesis	92.86	13 of 14
66794	citric acid cycle	92.86	13 of 14
66794	leucine metabolism	92.31	12 of 13
66794	phenylalanine metabolism	92.31	12 of 13
66794	degradation of aromatic, nitrogen containing compounds	91.67	11 of 12
66794	vitamin B12 metabolism	91.18	31 of 34
66794	pentose phosphate pathway	90.91	10 of 11
66794	Entner Doudoroff pathway	90	9 of 10
66794	propionate fermentation	90	9 of 10
66794	molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis	88.89	8 of 9
66794	chorismate metabolism	88.89	8 of 9
66794	allantoin degradation	88.89	8 of 9
66794	serine metabolism	88.89	8 of 9
66794	CO2 fixation in Crenarchaeota	88.89	8 of 9
66794	aspartate and asparagine metabolism	88.89	8 of 9
66794	NAD metabolism	88.89	16 of 18
66794	ketogluconate metabolism	87.5	7 of 8
66794	peptidoglycan biosynthesis	86.67	13 of 15
66794	flavin biosynthesis	86.67	13 of 15
66794	3-phenylpropionate degradation	86.67	13 of 15
66794	glutathione metabolism	85.71	12 of 14
66794	propanol degradation	85.71	6 of 7
66794	heme metabolism	85.71	12 of 14
66794	purine metabolism	85.11	80 of 94
66794	glycolysis	82.35	14 of 17
66794	pyrimidine metabolism	82.22	37 of 45
66794	glutamate and glutamine metabolism	82.14	23 of 28
66794	metabolism of disaccharids	81.82	9 of 11
66794	tryptophan metabolism	81.58	31 of 38
66794	degradation of sugar alcohols	81.25	13 of 16
66794	glycogen metabolism	80	4 of 5
66794	4-hydroxyphenylacetate degradation	80	8 of 10
66794	factor 420 biosynthesis	80	4 of 5
66794	hydrogen production	80	4 of 5
66794	phenol degradation	80	16 of 20
66794	d-mannose degradation	77.78	7 of 9
66794	lipid metabolism	77.42	24 of 31
66794	urea cycle	76.92	10 of 13
66794	vitamin B1 metabolism	76.92	10 of 13
66794	histidine metabolism	75.86	22 of 29
66794	dTDPLrhamnose biosynthesis	75	6 of 8
66794	isoleucine metabolism	75	6 of 8
66794	glycogen biosynthesis	75	3 of 4
66794	6-hydroxymethyl-dihydropterin diphosphate biosynthesis	75	6 of 8
66794	toluene degradation	75	3 of 4
66794	gluconeogenesis	75	6 of 8
66794	C4 and CAM-carbon fixation	75	6 of 8
66794	methionine metabolism	73.08	19 of 26
66794	proline metabolism	72.73	8 of 11
66794	cysteine metabolism	72.22	13 of 18
66794	tyrosine metabolism	71.43	10 of 14
66794	tetrahydrofolate metabolism	71.43	10 of 14
66794	ubiquinone biosynthesis	71.43	5 of 7
66794	non-pathway related	71.05	27 of 38
66794	bile acid biosynthesis, neutral pathway	70.59	12 of 17
66794	oxidative phosphorylation	70.33	64 of 91
66794	isoprenoid biosynthesis	69.23	18 of 26
66794	sulfate reduction	69.23	9 of 13
66794	alanine metabolism	68.97	20 of 29
66794	cyanate degradation	66.67	2 of 3
66794	IAA biosynthesis	66.67	2 of 3
66794	acetyl CoA biosynthesis	66.67	2 of 3
66794	methane metabolism	66.67	2 of 3
66794	acetoin degradation	66.67	2 of 3
66794	daunorubicin biosynthesis	66.67	6 of 9
66794	octane oxidation	66.67	2 of 3
66794	d-xylose degradation	63.64	7 of 11
66794	vitamin B6 metabolism	63.64	7 of 11
66794	androgen and estrogen metabolism	62.5	10 of 16
66794	lysine metabolism	61.9	26 of 42
66794	degradation of sugar acids	60	15 of 25
66794	coenzyme M biosynthesis	60	6 of 10
66794	creatinine degradation	60	3 of 5
66794	lipoate biosynthesis	60	3 of 5
66794	carotenoid biosynthesis	59.09	13 of 22
66794	arginine metabolism	58.33	14 of 24
66794	degradation of pentoses	57.14	16 of 28
66794	degradation of hexoses	55.56	10 of 18
66794	phenylpropanoid biosynthesis	53.85	7 of 13
66794	kanosamine biosynthesis II	50	1 of 2
66794	pantothenate biosynthesis	50	3 of 6
66794	quinate degradation	50	1 of 2
66794	ribulose monophosphate pathway	50	1 of 2
66794	CMP-KDO biosynthesis	50	2 of 4
66794	alginate biosynthesis	50	2 of 4
66794	mannosylglycerate biosynthesis	50	1 of 2
66794	cyclohexanol degradation	50	2 of 4
66794	lactate fermentation	50	2 of 4
66794	aminopropanol phosphate biosynthesis	50	1 of 2
66794	lipid A biosynthesis	44.44	4 of 9
66794	nitrate assimilation	44.44	4 of 9
66794	benzoyl-CoA degradation	42.86	3 of 7
66794	aclacinomycin biosynthesis	42.86	3 of 7
66794	3-chlorocatechol degradation	40	2 of 5
66794	metabolism of amino sugars and derivatives	40	2 of 5
66794	glycine metabolism	40	4 of 10
66794	glycine betaine biosynthesis	40	2 of 5
66794	arachidonate biosynthesis	40	2 of 5
66794	polyamine pathway	39.13	9 of 23
66794	arachidonic acid metabolism	38.89	7 of 18
66794	phosphatidylethanolamine bioynthesis	38.46	5 of 13
66794	carnitine metabolism	37.5	3 of 8
66794	dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide biosynthesis	36.36	4 of 11
66794	sphingosine metabolism	33.33	2 of 6
66794	sulfoquinovose degradation	33.33	1 of 3
66794	(5R)-carbapenem carboxylate biosynthesis	33.33	1 of 3
66794	selenocysteine biosynthesis	33.33	2 of 6
66794	ascorbate metabolism	31.82	7 of 22
66794	chlorophyll metabolism	27.78	5 of 18
66794	cholesterol biosynthesis	27.27	3 of 11
66794	catecholamine biosynthesis	25	1 of 4
66794	methanogenesis from CO2	25	3 of 12

API 20E

API zym

Isolation source categories

Isolation

Taxonmaps

69479

Global distribution of 16S sequence EF588218 (>99% sequence identity) for Pseudonocardia thermophila subclade from Microbeatlas

Aquatic Samples	93
Soil Samples	798
Animal Samples	269
Plant Samples	94
Total Samples	1254

Risk assessment

Genome sequences

@ref	Description	Assembly level	INSDC accession	BV-BRC accession	IMG accession	NCBI tax ID	Score
67770	IMG-taxon 2700988696 annotated assembly for Pseudonocardia thermophila DSM 43832	contig	GCA_900142365	1848.4	2700988696	1848	66.08

16S sequences

@ref	Description	Accession	Length	Database	NCBI tax ID
20218	Pseudonocardia thermophila 16S rRNA (part.)	X53195	1299		1848
20218	Pseudonocardia thermophila strain NRRL B-1978 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence	EF588218	1387		1848

GC content

Predictions

Literature

Topic	Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
	Frankia genus-specific characterization by polymerase chain reaction.	Simonet P, Grosjean MC, Misra AK, Nazaret S, Cournoyer B, Normand P.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.57.11.3278-3286.1991	1991
	Compilation of small ribosomal subunit RNA structures.	Neefs JM, Van de Peer Y, De Rijk P, Chapelle S, De Wachter R.	Nucleic Acids Res	10.1093/nar/21.13.3025	1993
	Catalytic and post-translational maturation roles of a conserved active site serine residue in nitrile hydratases.	Miller C, Knutson K, Liu D, Bennett B, Holz RC.	J Inorg Biochem	10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112763	2025
	Multi-method analysis revealed the mechanism of substrate selectivity in NHase: A gatekeeper residue at the activity center.	Meng Y, Peplowski L, Wu T, Cheng Z, Han L, Qiao J, Cheng Z, Zhou Z.	Int J Biol Macromol	10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135426	2024
	Role of second-sphere arginine residues in metal binding and metallocentre assembly in nitrile hydratases.	Miller C, Huntoon D, Kaley N, Ogutu I, Fiedler AT, Bennett B, Liu D, Holz R.	J Inorg Biochem	10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112565	2024
	Insight into the broadened substrate scope of nitrile hydratase by static and dynamic structure analysis.	Ma D, Cheng Z, Peplowski L, Han L, Xia Y, Hou X, Guo J, Yin D, Rao Y, Zhou Z.	Chem Sci	10.1039/d2sc02319a	2022
Enzymology	Substrate Profiling of the Cobalt Nitrile Hydratase from Rhodococcus rhodochrous ATCC BAA 870.	Mashweu AR, Chhiba-Govindjee VP, Bode ML, Brady D.	Molecules	10.3390/molecules25010238	2020
Metabolism	A Protein-derived Oxygen Is the Source of the Amide Oxygen of Nitrile Hydratases.	Nelp MT, Song Y, Wysocki VH, Bandarian V.	J Biol Chem	10.1074/jbc.m115.704791	2016
Stress	Engineering enhanced thermostability into the Geobacillus pallidus nitrile hydratase.	Van Wyk JC, Sewell BT, Danson MJ, Tsekoa TL, Sayed MF, Cowan DA.	Curr Res Struct Biol	10.1016/j.crstbi.2022.07.002	2022
	Bioconversion of acrylonitrile using nitrile hydratase activity of Bacillus sp. APB-6.	Singh R, Pandey D, Dhariwal S, Sood P, Chand D.	3 Biotech	10.1007/s13205-018-1207-1	2018
	Maturation Mechanism of Nitrile Hydratase From Streptomyces canus CGMCC 13662 and Its Structural Character.	Guo L, Cheng X, Jiang HY, Dai YJ.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2020.01419	2020
Enzymology	Thermophilic and alkaliphilic Actinobacteria: biology and potential applications.	Shivlata L, Satyanarayana T.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2015.01014	2015
	Biotransformation of Phenolics in Spent Liquor from Aqueous Ammonia Pretreatment.	Zhou S, Garcia-Mancilla M, Francis Clar J, Runge TM, Donohue TJ, Noguera DR, Karlen SD.	ChemSusChem	10.1002/cssc.202500881	2025
Enzymology	The Stability Enhancement of Nitrile Hydratase from Bordetella petrii by Swapping the C-terminal Domain of beta subunit.	Sun W, Zhu L, Chen X, Wu L, Zhou Z, Liu Y.	Appl Biochem Biotechnol	10.1007/s12010-015-1961-z	2016
Metabolism	Functional Expression and Characterization of a Panel of Cobalt and Iron-Dependent Nitrile Hydratases.	Grill B, Glanzer M, Schwab H, Steiner K, Pienaar D, Brady D, Donsbach K, Winkler M.	Molecules	10.3390/molecules25112521	2020
	Deep Paleoproteotyping and Microtomography Revealed No Heart Defect nor Traces of Embalming in the Cardiac Relics of Blessed Pauline Jaricot.	Bourdin V, Charlier P, Crevat S, Slimani L, Chaussain C, Kielbasa M, Pible O, Armengaud J.	Int J Mol Sci	10.3390/ijms24033011	2023
Metabolism	Biodegradation of flonicamid by Ensifer adhaerens CGMCC 6315 and enzymatic characterization of the nitrile hydratases involved.	Zhao YX, Wang L, Chen KX, Jiang ND, Sun SL, Ge F, Dai YJ.	Microb Cell Fact	10.1186/s12934-021-01620-4	2021
Phylogeny	Characterization of bacterial community structure during in-vessel composting of agricultural waste by 16S rRNA sequencing.	Varma VS, Dhamodharan K, Kalamdhad AS.	3 Biotech	10.1007/s13205-018-1319-7	2018
	Solvent-Tolerant Acyltransferase from Bacillus sp. APB-6: Purification and Characterization.	Pandey D, Patel SKS, Singh R, Kumar P, Thakur V, Chand D.	Indian J Microbiol	10.1007/s12088-019-00836-8	2019
Enzymology	Purification and properties of an enantioselective and thermoactive amidase from the thermophilic actinomycete Pseudonocardia thermophila.	Egorova K, Trauthwein H, Verseck S, Antranikian G.	Appl Microbiol Biotechnol	10.1007/s00253-004-1607-5	2004
Genetics	Entirely Off-Grid and Solar-Powered DNA Sequencing of Microbial Communities during an Ice Cap Traverse Expedition.	Gowers GF, Vince O, Charles JH, Klarenberg I, Ellis T, Edwards A.	Genes (Basel)	10.3390/genes10110902	2019
	Enzymatic degradation of cellulose in soil: A review.	Datta R.	Heliyon	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24022	2024
Enzymology	A new approach to possible substrate binding mechanisms for nitrile hydratase.	Tastan Bishop AO, Sewell T.	Biochem Biophys Res Commun	10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.02.150	2006
	Phylogeny Trumps Chemotaxonomy: A Case Study Involving Turicella otitidis.	Baek I, Kim M, Lee I, Na SI, Goodfellow M, Chun J.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2018.00834	2018
	Simultaneous purification of nitrile hydratase and amidase of Alcaligenes sp. MTCC 10674.	Bhatia SK, Mehta PK, Bhatia RK, Bhalla TC.	3 Biotech	10.1007/s13205-013-0163-z	2014
Enzymology	Purification and characterization of nitrile hydratase of mutant 4D of Rhodococcus rhodochrous PA-34.	Pratush A, Seth A, Bhalla TC.	3 Biotech	10.1007/s13205-012-0081-5	2013
	Biotechnological and pharmaceutical potential of twenty-eight novel type strains of Actinomycetes from different environments worldwide.	Nouioui I, Boldt J, Zimmermann A, Makitrynskyy R, Potter G, Jando M, Doppner M, Kirstein S, Neumann-Schaal M, Gomez-Escribano JP, Nubel U, Mast Y.	Curr Res Microb Sci	10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100290	2024
Phylogeny	Reverse transcriptase sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA from Faenia rectivirgula, Pseudonocardia thermophila and Saccharopolyspora hirsuta, three wall type IV actinomycetes which lack mycolic acids.	Embley TM, Smida J, Stackebrandt E.	J Gen Microbiol	10.1099/00221287-134-4-961	1988
Enzymology	Growth and cellulase production of Micromonospora chalcae and Pseudonocardia thermophila.	Malfait M, Godden B, Penninckx MJ.	Ann Microbiol (Paris)	10.1016/s0769-2609(84)80045-9	1984
Enzymology	Multiple States of Nitrile Hydratase from Rhodococcus equi TG328-2: Structural and Mechanistic Insights from Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and Density Functional Theory Studies.	Stein N, Gumataotao N, Hajnas N, Wu R, Lankathilaka KPW, Bornscheuer UT, Liu D, Fiedler AT, Holz RC, Bennett B.	Biochemistry	10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00876	2017
Enzymology	Cloning, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of nitrile hydratase from the themophilic Bacillus smithii SC-J05-1.	Hourai S, Ishii T, Miki M, Takashima Y, Mitsuda S, Yanagi K.	Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun	10.1107/s1744309105030939	2005
Enzymology	Identification and evolution of the cellulolytic microflora present during composting of cattle manure: on the role of Actinomycetes sp.	Godden B, Penninckx MJ.	Ann Microbiol (Paris)	10.1016/s0769-2609(84)80044-7	1984
	Menaquinone composition of mycolic acid-containing actinomycetes and some sporoactinomycetes.	Collins MD, Goodfellow M, Minnikin DE, Alderson G.	J Appl Bacteriol	10.1111/j.1365-2672.1985.tb01431.x	1985
Enzymology	Characterization of an Indole-3-Acetamide Hydrolase from Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. parafaecalis and Its Application in Efficient Preparation of Both Enantiomers of Chiral Building Block 2,3-Dihydro-1,4-Benzodioxin-2-Carboxylic Acid.	Mishra P, Kaur S, Sharma AN, Jolly RS.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0159009	2016
	Cobalt: An Essential Micronutrient for Plant Growth?	Hu X, Wei X, Ling J, Chen J.	Front Plant Sci	10.3389/fpls.2021.768523	2021
Enzymology	Evidence of the participation of remote residues in the catalytic activity of Co-type nitrile hydratase from Pseudomonas putida.	Brodkin HR, Novak WR, Milne AC, D'Aquino JA, Karabacak NM, Goldberg IG, Agar JN, Payne MS, Petsko GA, Ondrechen MJ, Ringe D.	Biochemistry	10.1021/bi101761e	2011
Enzymology	Nitrile hydratase genes are present in multiple eukaryotic supergroups.	Marron AO, Akam M, Walker G.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0032867	2012
	Synthetic analogues of cysteinate-ligated non-heme iron and non-corrinoid cobalt enzymes.	Kovacs JA.	Chem Rev	10.1021/cr020619e	2004
Genetics	Genome-Based Taxonomic Classification of the Phylum Actinobacteria.	Nouioui I, Carro L, Garcia-Lopez M, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Woyke T, Kyrpides NC, Pukall R, Klenk HP, Goodfellow M, Goker M.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2018.02007	2018
Biotechnology	Engineering of the thermophilic nitrile hydratase from Pseudonocardia thermophila JCM3095 for large-scale nicotinamide production based on sequence-activity relationships.	Zhou Z, Ma D, Cheng Z	Int J Biol Macromol	10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.132	2021
Enzymology	Computational Design of Nitrile Hydratase from Pseudonocardia thermophila JCM3095 for Improved Thermostability.	Cheng Z, Lan Y, Guo J, Ma D, Jiang S, Lai Q, Zhou Z, Peplowski L	Molecules	10.3390/molecules25204806	2020
Enzymology	Analyzing the function of the insert region found between the alpha and beta-subunits in the eukaryotic nitrile hydratase from Monosiga brevicollis.	Yang X, Bennett B, Holz RC	Arch Biochem Biophys	10.1016/j.abb.2018.08.013	2018
Enzymology	Evidence for the participation of an extra alpha-helix at beta-subunit surface in the thermal stability of Co-type nitrile hydratase.	Pei X, Wang J, Wu Y, Zhen X, Tang M, Wang Q, Wang A	Appl Microbiol Biotechnol	10.1007/s00253-018-9191-2	2018
Metabolism	Identification and functional analysis of the activator gene involved in the biosynthesis of Co-type nitrile hydratase from Aurantimonas manganoxydans.	Pei X, Yang Z, Wang A, Yang L, Wu J	J Biotechnol	10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.03.016	2017
Enzymology	Improvement of stability of nitrile hydratase via protein fragment swapping.	Cui Y, Cui W, Liu Z, Zhou L, Kobayashi M, Zhou Z	Biochem Biophys Res Commun	10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.05.127	2014
Metabolism	The active site sulfenic acid ligand in nitrile hydratases can function as a nucleophile.	Martinez S, Wu R, Sanishvili R, Liu D, Holz R	J Am Chem Soc	10.1021/ja410462j	2014
Enzymology	Enzyme-substrate binding landscapes in the process of nitrile biodegradation mediated by nitrile hydratase and amidase.	Zhang Y, Zeng Z, Zeng G, Liu X, Chen M, Liu L, Liu Z, Xie G	Appl Biochem Biotechnol	10.1007/s12010-013-0276-1	2013
Metabolism	Improving stability of nitrile hydratase by bridging the salt-bridges in specific thermal-sensitive regions.	Chen J, Yu H, Liu C, Liu J, Shen Z	J Biotechnol	10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.01.021	2013
Metabolism	Modeling catalytic mechanism of nitrile hydratase by semi-empirical quantum mechanical calculation.	Yu H, Liu J, Shen Z	J Mol Graph Model	10.1016/j.jmgm.2008.09.003	2008
Enzymology	Insights into catalytic activity of industrial enzyme Co-nitrile hydratase. Docking studies of nitriles and amides.	Peplowski L, Kubiak K, Nowak W	J Mol Model	10.1007/s00894-007-0181-z	2007
Enzymology	Unraveling the catalytic mechanism of nitrile hydratases.	Mitra S, Holz RC	J Biol Chem	10.1074/jbc.M604117200	2006
Metabolism	Mutational and structural analysis of cobalt-containing nitrile hydratase on substrate and metal binding.	Miyanaga A, Fushinobu S, Ito K, Shoun H, Wakagi T	Eur J Biochem	10.1046/j.1432-1033.2003.03943.x	2004
Metabolism	Crystal structure of cobalt-containing nitrile hydratase.	Miyanaga A, Fushinobu S, Ito K, Wakagi T	Biochem Biophys Res Commun	10.1006/bbrc.2001.5897	2001
Phylogeny	Pseudonocardia mongoliensis sp. nov. and Pseudonocardia khuvsgulensis sp. nov., isolated from soil.	Ara I, Tsetseg B, Daram D, Suto M, Ando K.	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.019562-0	2011
Phylogeny	Pseudonocardia rhizophila sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from a rhizosphere soil.	Li J, Zhao GZ, Huang HY, Zhu WY, Lee JC, Kim CJ, Xu LH, Zhang LX, Li WJ	Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek	10.1007/s10482-010-9431-7	2010