Actinosynnema pretiosum subsp. pretiosum (DSM 44132, ATCC 31281, FERM P-3992)

Name: Actinosynnema pretiosum subsp. pretiosum (DSM 44132, ATCC 31281, FERM P-3992)
Creator: BacDive
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

BacDive ID 13213

Type strain

Culture col. no. DSM 44132 ATCC 31281 FERM P-3992 IFO 13726 JCM 7344 12 more

NCBI tax ID(s) 42197 103721

Special Collections DSMZ JCM KCTC Wink compendium JMRC

History DSMZ <- JCM <- ATCC <- RCTI C-15003 (N-1) JCM <-- ATCC 31281 <-- RTCI C-15003 (N-1).

Links

Actinosynnema pretiosum subsp. pretiosum DSM 44132 is a bacterium that builds an aerial mycelium.

genome sequence 16S sequence Bacteria

Name and taxonomic classification

SI-ID 92950

ATCC 31281,IFO 13726,DSM 44132,JCM 7344,CCRC 13428,IFO 15621,NRRL B-16060,VKM Ac-1963,KCTC 9499,NBRC 13726,NBRC 15621,BCRC 13428,CGMCC 4.1703

@ref 20215

Last LPSN update 2026-05-29 08:27:59

Domain Bacteria

Phylum Actinomycetota

Class Actinomycetes

Order Pseudonocardiales

Family Pseudonocardiaceae

Genus Actinosynnema

Species Actinosynnema pretiosum subsp. pretiosum

Full scientific name Actinosynnema pretiosum subsp. pretiosum (Hasegawa et al. 1983) Hasegawa et al. 1983

Morphology

Cell morphology

@ref	Gram stain	Confidence	Motility
125439	positive	99.638
125439		95.544

Colony morphology

@ref	Colony color	Incubation period	Medium used
19633	Yellow orange	10-14 days	ISP 2
19633	Yellow orange	10-14 days	ISP 3
19633	Yellow orange	10-14 days	ISP 4
19633	Yellow orange	10-14 days	ISP 5
19633	Yellow orange	10-14 days	ISP 6
19633	Salmon orange	10-14 days	ISP 7

Multicellular morphology

@ref	Complex name	Complex color	Medium name
19633	Aerial Mycelium	White	ISP 2
19633	Aerial Mycelium	White	ISP 3
19633	Aerial Mycelium	White	ISP 4
19633	Aerial Mycelium	White	ISP 5
19633			ISP 6
19633	Aerial Mycelium	White	ISP 7

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Medium link	Composition
11513	GYM STREPTOMYCES MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 65)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: GYM STREPTOMYCES MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 65) Composition: Agar 18.0 g/l Malt extract 10.0 g/l Yeast extract 4.0 g/l Glucose 4.0 g/l CaCO3 2.0 g/l Distilled water
19633	ISP 2		Name: ISP 2 / Yeast Malt Agar (5265); 5265 Composition Malt extract 10.0 g/l Yeast extract 4.0 g/l Glucose 4.0 g/l Agar 15.0 g/l Preparation: Sterilisation: 20 minutes at 121°C pH before sterilisation: 7.0 Usage: Maintenance and Taxonomy Organisms: All Actinomycetes
19633	ISP 3		Name: ISP 3; 5315 Composition Dog oat flakes 20.0 g/l Trace element solution (5314) 2.5 ml/l Agar 18.0 g/l Preparation: Oat flakes are cooked for 20 minutes, trace element solution and agar are added (in the case of non rolled oat flakes the suspension has to bee filtrated). Sterilisation: 20 minutes at 121°C pH before sterilisation: 7.8 Usage: Maintenance and taxonomy (e.g. SEM As liquid medium for metabolite production) Organisms: All Actinomycetes Trace element solution 5314 Name: Trace element solution 5314; 5314 Composition CaCl2 x H2O 3.0 g/l Fe-III-citrate 1.0 g/l MnSO4 0.2 g/l ZnCl2 0.1 g/l CuSO4 x 5 H2O 0.025 g/l Sodium tetra borate 0.2 g/l CoCl2 x 6 H2O 0.004 g/l Sodium molybdate 0.01 g/l Preparation: Use double destillated water. Sterilisation: 20 minutes at 121°C pH before sterilisation: Usage: Trace element solution for different media Organisms:
19633	ISP 4		Name: ISP 4; DSM 547 Solution I: Difco soluble starch, 10.0 g. Make a paste of the starch with a small amount of cold distilled water and bring to a volume of 500 ml. Solution II: CaCO3 2.0 g K2HPO4 (anhydrous) 1.0 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 1.0 g NaCl 1.0 g (NH4)2SO4 2.0 g Distilled water 500.0 ml Trace salt solution (see below) 1.0 ml The pH should be between 7.0 and 7.4. Do not adjust if it is within this range. Mix solutions I and II together. Add 20.0 g agar. Liquify agar by steaming at 100°C for 10 to 20 min. Trace element solution: FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.1 g MnCl2 x 4 H2O 0.1 g ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.1 g Distilled water 100.0 ml
19633	ISP 5		Name: ISP 5 (5323) Composition L-Asparagine 1.0 g/l Glycerol 10.0 g/l K2HPO4 1.0 g/l Salt solution (see preparation) 1.0 ml/l Agar 20.0 g/l Preparation: Salt solution 1.0 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 1.0 g MnCl2 x 4 H2O 1.0 g ZNSO4 x 7 H2O in 100 ml water Sterilisation: 20 minutes at 121°C pH before sterilisation: 7.2 Usage: Maintenance and taxonomy Organisms: All Actinomycetes
19633	ISP 6		Name: ISP 6 (5318) Composition Peptone 15.0 g/l Proteose peptose 5.0 g/l Ferric ammonium citrate 0.5 g/l Sodium glycerophosphate 1.0 g/l Sodium thiosulfate 0.08 g/l Yeast extract 1.0 g/l Agar 15.0 g/l Sterilisation: 20 minutes at 121°C pH before sterilisation: Usage: Production of melanoid pigments Organisms: All Actinomycetes
19633	ISP 7		Name: ISP 7 (5322) Composition Glycerol 15.0 g/l L-Tyrosine 0.5 g/l L-Asparagine 1.0 g/l K2HPO4 0.5 g/l NaCl 0.5 g/l FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.01 g/l Trace element solution 5343 1.0 ml/l Agar 20.0 Sterilisation: 20 minutes at 121°C pH before sterilisation: 7.3 Usage: Production of melanoid pigments Organisms: All Actinomycetes

Culture temp

@ref	Growth	Type	Temperature (°C)
11513	positive	growth	28
19633	positive	optimum	28
67770	positive	growth	28

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

@ref	Oxygen tolerance	Confidence
125439	obligate aerobe	98.787

Spore formation

@ref	Spore formation	Confidence
125439		95.744

Compound production

@ref	Compound
11513	maytansinoids
11513	restriction endonuclease AprI (NaeI)
20216	Maytansinoids
20216	endonuclease AprI

Halophily

@ref	Salt	Growth	Tested relation	Concentration
19633	NaCl	positive	maximum	5 %

Metabolite utilization

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Utilization activity	Kind of utilization tested
19633	22599 ChEBI	arabinose	+
68368	29016 ChEBI	arginine	+	hydrolysis	from API 20E
19633	62968 ChEBI	cellulose	+
68368	16947 ChEBI	citrate	+	assimilation	from API 20E
19633	28757 ChEBI	fructose	+
68368	5291 ChEBI	gelatin	+	hydrolysis	from API 20E
19633	17234 ChEBI	glucose	+
68368	25094 ChEBI	lysine	+	degradation	from API 20E
19633	29864 ChEBI	mannitol	+
19633	17268 ChEBI	myo-inositol	-
68368	18257 ChEBI	ornithine	+	degradation	from API 20E
19633	16634 ChEBI	raffinose	+
19633	26546 ChEBI	rhamnose	+
19633	17992 ChEBI	sucrose	+
68368	27897 ChEBI	tryptophan	-	energy source	from API 20E
68368	16199 ChEBI	urea	+	hydrolysis	from API 20E
19633	18222 ChEBI	xylose	-

Metabolite production

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite
68368	15688 ChEBI	acetoin	from API 20E
68368	16136 ChEBI	hydrogen sulfide	from API 20E
68368	35581 ChEBI	indole	from API 20E

Metabolite tests

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Voges-proskauer-test	Indole test
68368	15688 ChEBI	acetoin	-		from API 20E
68368	35581 ChEBI	indole		-	from API 20E

Enzymes

@ref	Value	Activity	Ec
68382	acid phosphatase	+	3.1.3.2	from API zym
68382	alkaline phosphatase	+	3.1.3.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-chymotrypsin	+	3.4.21.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-fucosidase	-	3.2.1.51	from API zym
68382	alpha-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.22	from API zym
68382	alpha-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.20	from API zym
68382	alpha-mannosidase	+	3.2.1.24	from API zym
68368	arginine dihydrolase	+	3.5.3.6	from API 20E
68382	beta-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.23	from API zym
68368	beta-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.23	from API 20E
68382	beta-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.21	from API zym
68382	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API zym
68382	cystine arylamidase	+	3.4.11.3	from API zym
68382	esterase (C 4)	+		from API zym
68382	esterase lipase (C 8)	+		from API zym
68368	gelatinase	+		from API 20E
68382	leucine arylamidase	+	3.4.11.1	from API zym
68382	lipase (C 14)	-		from API zym
68368	lysine decarboxylase	+	4.1.1.18	from API 20E
68382	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	+	3.2.1.52	from API zym
68382	naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	+		from API zym
68368	ornithine decarboxylase	+	4.1.1.17	from API 20E
68382	trypsin	+	3.4.21.4	from API zym
68368	tryptophan deaminase	-	4.1.99.1	from API 20E
68368	urease	+	3.5.1.5	from API 20E
68382	valine arylamidase	+		from API zym

API 20E

@ref	ONPG	ADH (Arg)	LDC (Lys)	ODC	CIT	H2S productionH2S	URE	TDA (Trp)	IND	Acetoin production (Voges Proskauer test)VP	GEL	GLU	MAN	INO	Sor	RHA	SAC	MEL	AMY	ARA	OX	Nitrite productionNO2	Reduction to N2N2	MotilityMOB	Growth on MacConkey mediumMAC	OF-O	OF-F
19633	+	+	+	+	+	-	+	-	-	-	+	not determinedn.d.	not determinedn.d.	not determinedn.d.	not determinedn.d.	not determinedn.d.	not determinedn.d.	not determinedn.d.	not determinedn.d.	not determinedn.d.	not determinedn.d.	not determinedn.d.	not determinedn.d.	not determinedn.d.	not determinedn.d.	not determinedn.d.	not determinedn.d.

API zym

@ref	Control	Alkaline phosphatase	Esterase (C 4)	2-naphtyl caprylateEsterase Lipase (C 8)	Lipase (C 14)	L-leucyl-2-naphthylamideLeucine arylamidase	L-valyl-2-naphthylamideValine arylamidase	L-cystyl-2-naphthylamideCystine arylamidase	Trypsin	alpha- Chymotrypsin	Acid phosphatase	Naphthol-AS-BI-phosphateNaphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	alpha- Galactosidase	beta- Galactosidase	beta- Glucuronidase	alpha- Glucosidase	beta- Glucosidase	N-acetyl-beta- glucosaminidase	alpha- Mannosidase	alpha- Fucosidase
19633	not determinedn.d.	+	+	+	-	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	+	+	+	+	-

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation

@ref	Sample type	Host species	Geographic location	Country	Country ISO 3 Code	Continent
11513			Shiga Pref.	Japan	JPN	Asia
67770	Surface of blade of Carex species	Carex	Shiga Pref.	Japan	JPN	Asia

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

@ref	Biosafety level	Biosafety level comment
11513	1	Risk group (German classification) According to TRBA 466
19633	1	Risk group (German classification) According to TRBA 466

Sequence information

Genome sequences

@ref	Description	Assembly level	INSDC accession	BV-BRC accession	IMG accession	NCBI tax ID	Score
66792	ASM2417169v1 assembly for Actinosynnema pretiosum DSM 44132	scaffold	GCA_024171695	42197.8	2596583522	42197	69.15
124043	ASM3953347v1 assembly for Actinosynnema pretiosum subsp. pretiosum JCM 7344	scaffold	GCA_039533475			103721	62.92

16S sequences

@ref	Description	Accession	Length	Database	NCBI tax ID
20218	Actinosynnema pretiosum subsp. pretiosum gene for 16S rRNA, partial sequence	AB303365	1472		103721
20218	Actinosynnema pretiosum subsp. pretiosum strain NRRL B-16060T 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence	AF114800	1504		103721

GC content

@ref	GC-content (mol%)	Method
11513	71
67770	73.4	genome sequence analysis
67770	70-72

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Predictions from Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 based on: ASM2417169v1 assembly for Actinosynnema pretiosum DSM 44132
NCBI: GCA_024171695

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125439	gram_stain	BacteriaNetⓘ	positive	99.64	no
125439	oxygen_tolerance	BacteriaNetⓘ	obligate aerobe	98.79	no
125439	motility	BacteriaNetⓘ	no	95.54	no
125439	spore_formation	BacteriaNetⓘ	yes	95.74	no

Literature

Topic	Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
	The response regulator CrsR positively regulates ansamitocin P-3 biosynthesis in Actinosynnema pretiosum.	Zhang P, Zong G, Wang T, Zhao S, Sun R, Fu J, Liu M, Cao G.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2025.1684526	2025
	Discovery and Characterization of Actinosynnelassin: An Anti-Pseudomonas fluorescens Lasso Peptide Derived from a Large Precursor Open Reading Frame.	Wen Y, Li Z, Ye J, Wang X, Jiang M, Deng Z, Cao C, He X.	J Nat Prod	10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5c00312	2025
	Mutasynthesis of C17- and C21-Substituted Ansamitocins for Use as ADC Payloads.	Stanley-Smith AE, Coates N, Fox JC, Delfino F, Degrado S, Kunz A, Mao S, Zhao F, Garforth B, Hold A, Hong H, Kendall J, Lane J, Mei C, Murphy A, Pogwizd J, Escobar CR, Wertz B, Moss SJ, Gregory MA, Nittoli T.	ACS Omega	10.1021/acsomega.5c05529	2025
	Combinatorial Biosynthesis of 3-O-Carbamoylmaytansinol by Rational Engineering of the Tailoring Steps of Ansamitocins.	Liu Q, Wang Y, Xia X, Li Z, Li Y, Shen Y, Wang H.	ACS Synth Biol	10.1021/acssynbio.3c00575	2024
Genetics	Improved AP-3 production through combined ARTP mutagenesis, fermentation optimization, and subsequent genome shuffling.	Li J, Guo S, Hua Q, Hu F.	Biotechnol Lett	10.1007/s10529-020-03034-5	2021
Transcriptome	Efflux identification and engineering for ansamitocin P-3 production in Actinosynnema pretiosum.	Wang X, Wei J, Xiao Y, Luan S, Ning X, Bai L.	Appl Microbiol Biotechnol	10.1007/s00253-020-11044-6	2021
	Deletion of the Response Regulator PhoP Accelerates the Formation of Aerial Mycelium and Spores in Actinosynnema pretiosum.	Zhang P, Zhang K, Liu Y, Fu J, Zong G, Ma X, Cao G.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2022.845620	2022
	Improved AP-3 production through combined ARTP mutagenesis, fermentation optimization, and subsequent genome shuffling	Li J, Guo S, Hua Q, Hu F.	Biotechnol Lett		2021
	Global Regulator AdpA_1075 Regulates Morphological Differentiation and Ansamitocin Production in Actinosynnema pretiosum subsp. auranticum.	Guo S, Leng T, Sun X, Zheng J, Li R, Chen J, Hu F, Liu F, Hua Q.	Bioengineering (Basel)	10.3390/bioengineering9110719	2022
Metabolism	Metabolomics analysis of Actinosynnema pretiosum with improved AP-3 production by enhancing UDP-glucose biosynthesis.	Liu T, Jin Z, Wang Z, Chen J, Wei LJ, Hua Q.	J Biosci Bioeng	10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.02.013	2020
Metabolism	Metabolomic change and pathway profiling reveal enhanced ansamitocin P-3 production in Actinosynnema pretiosum with low organic nitrogen availability in culture medium.	Liu T, Yang L, Chen J, Hu F, Wei LJ, Hua Q.	Appl Microbiol Biotechnol	10.1007/s00253-020-10463-9	2020
	Increased yield of AP-3 by inactivation of asm25 in Actinosynnema pretiosum ssp. auranticum ATCC 31565.	Cheng H, Xiong G, Li Y, Zhu J, Xiong X, Wang Q, Zhang L, Dong H, Zhu C, Liu G, Chen H.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0265517	2022
	Biosynthesis of ansamitocin P-3 incurs stress on the producing strain Actinosynnema pretiosum at multiple targets.	Huang Q, Zhang X, Guo Z, Fu X, Zhao Y, Kang Q, Bai L.	Commun Biol	10.1038/s42003-023-05227-w	2023
Metabolism	Rational approach to improve ansamitocin P-3 production by integrating pathway engineering and substrate feeding in Actinosynnema pretiosum.	Du ZQ, Zhong JJ.	Biotechnol Bioeng	10.1002/bit.26775	2018
	First Ring-Expanded Maytansin Lactone Accessed by a New Mutasynthetic Variant.	Wesemann F, Heutling A, Wienecke P, Kirschning A.	Chembiochem	10.1002/cbic.202000336	2020
Genetics	Improving butenyl-spinosyn production in Saccharopolyspora pogona through combination of metabolic engineering and medium optimization.	Zhao X, Lu H, Peng S, Hang H, Aldahmash W, Al-Ghadi MQ, Tang W, Pei J, Xun W, Guo M, Mohsin A.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2025.1561042	2025
	Combination of traditional mutation and metabolic engineering to enhance ansamitocin P-3 production in Actinosynnema pretiosum.	Du ZQ, Zhang Y, Qian ZG, Xiao H, Zhong JJ.	Biotechnol Bioeng	10.1002/bit.26396	2017
Metabolism	Identification and Engineering of Post-PKS Modification Bottlenecks for Ansamitocin P-3 Titer Improvement in Actinosynnema pretiosum subsp. pretiosum ATCC 31280.	Ning X, Wang X, Wu Y, Kang Q, Bai L.	Biotechnol J	10.1002/biot.201700484	2017
Metabolism	Proteomic studies on anti-tumor agent ansamitocin P-3 producer Actinosynnema pretiosum in response to ammonium and isobutanol.	Lin J, Zhong JJ.	Bioprocess Biosyst Eng	10.1007/s00449-017-1763-5	2017
Metabolism	Two novel cyclic hexapeptides from the genetically engineered Actinosynnema pretiosum.	Lu C, Xie F, Shan C, Shen Y.	Appl Microbiol Biotechnol	10.1007/s00253-016-8017-3	2017
Metabolism	Genome-Guided Discovery of Pretilactam from Actinosynnema pretiosum ATCC 31565.	Wang J, Hu X, Sun G, Li L, Jiang B, Li S, Bai L, Liu H, Yu L, Wu L.	Molecules	10.3390/molecules24122281	2019
Metabolism	Effects of the Methylmalonyl-CoA Metabolic Pathway on Ansamitocin Production in Actinosynnema pretiosum.	Zhao M, Fan Y, Wei L, Hu F, Hua Q.	Appl Biochem Biotechnol	10.1007/s12010-016-2276-4	2017
	Effect of TetR Family Transcriptional Regulator PccD on Phytosterol Metabolism of Mycolicibacterium.	Xiao P, Pan D, Li F, Liu Y, Huang Y, Zhou X, Zhang Y.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms12112349	2024
Metabolism	Effects of modulation of pentose-phosphate pathway on biosynthesis of ansamitocins in Actinosynnema pretiosum.	Fan Y, Hu F, Wei L, Bai L, Hua Q.	J Biotechnol	10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.05.010	2016
Metabolism	The Antitumor Agent Ansamitocin P-3 Binds to Cell Division Protein FtsZ in Actinosynnema pretiosum.	Wang X, Wang R, Kang Q, Bai L.	Biomolecules	10.3390/biom10050699	2020
Metabolism	Constitutive overexpression of asm18 increases the production and diversity of maytansinoids in Actinosynnema pretiosum.	Li S, Lu C, Chang X, Shen Y.	Appl Microbiol Biotechnol	10.1007/s00253-015-7127-7	2016
	Structure and function of the geldanamycin amide synthase from Streptomyces hygroscopicus.	Ewert W, Bartens C, Ongouta J, Holmes M, Heutling A, Kishore A, Urbansky T, Zeilinger C, Preller M, Kirschning A.	Nat Commun	10.1038/s41467-025-57013-3	2025
Metabolism	Enhancement of UDPG synthetic pathway improves ansamitocin production in Actinosynnem pretiosum.	Fan Y, Zhao M, Wei L, Hu F, Imanaka T, Bai L, Hua Q.	Appl Microbiol Biotechnol	10.1007/s00253-015-7148-2	2016
Metabolism	Process optimization with alternative carbon sources and modulation of secondary metabolism for enhanced ansamitocin P-3 production in Actinosynnema pretiosum.	Fan Y, Gao Y, Zhou J, Wei L, Chen J, Hua Q.	J Biotechnol	10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.10.020	2014
Genetics	Genome-Scale Metabolic Model of Actinosynnema pretiosum ATCC 31280 and Its Application for Ansamitocin P-3 Production Improvement.	Li J, Sun R, Ning X, Wang X, Wang Z.	Genes (Basel)	10.3390/genes9070364	2018
	Two strategies to improve the supply of PKS extender units for ansamitocin P-3 biosynthesis by CRISPR-Cas9.	Guo S, Sun X, Li R, Zhang T, Hu F, Liu F, Hua Q.	Bioresour Bioprocess	10.1186/s40643-022-00583-7	2022
Metabolism	Enhancement of ansamitocin P-3 production in Actinosynnema pretiosum by a synergistic effect of glycerol and glucose.	Gao Y, Fan Y, Nambou K, Wei L, Liu Z, Imanaka T, Hua Q.	J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol	10.1007/s10295-013-1374-3	2014
Genetics	p-Aminophenylalanine Involved in the Biosynthesis of Antitumor Dnacin B1 for Quinone Moiety Formation.	Hu X, Li X, Sheng Y, Wang H, Li X, Ou Y, Deng Z, Bai L, Kang Q.	Molecules	10.3390/molecules25184186	2020
	Two novel ansamitocin analogs from Actinosynnema pretiosum.	Siyu-Mao, Hong-Chen, Li-Chen, Chuanxi-Wang, Wei-Jia, Xiaoming-Chen, Huangjian-Yang, Wei-Huang, Wei-Zheng.	Nat Prod Res	10.1080/14786419.2012.733388	2013
	Soil Mineral Composition and Salinity Are the Main Factors Regulating the Bacterial Community Associated with the Roots of Coastal Sand Dune Halophytes.	Vu MT, Geraldi A, Do HDK, Luqman A, Nguyen HD, Fauzia FN, Amalludin FI, Sadila AY, Wijaya NH, Santoso H, Manuhara YSW, Bui LM, Hariyanto S, Wibowo AT.	Biology (Basel)	10.3390/biology11050695	2022
Metabolism	Enhanced production of ansamitocin P-3 by addition of Mg2+ in fermentation of Actinosynnema pretiosum.	Jia Y, Zhong JJ.	Bioresour Technol	10.1016/j.biortech.2011.08.031	2011
Enzymology	Heterologous expression and characterization of soluble recombinant 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase from Actinosynnema pretiosum ssp. auranticum ATCC31565 through co-expression with Chaperones in Escherichia coli.	Ma N, Wei L, Fan Y, Hua Q.	Protein Expr Purif	10.1016/j.pep.2012.01.013	2012
	Bioreduction of aryl azides during mutasynthesis of new ansamitocins.	Mancuso L, Jurjens G, Hermane J, Harmrolfs K, Eichner S, Fohrer J, Collisi W, Sasse F, Kirschning A.	Org Lett	10.1021/ol401989e	2013
	A new antitumour ansamitocin from Actinosynnema pretiosum.	Wei GZ, Bai LQ, Yang T, Ma J, Zeng Y, Shen YM, Zhao PJ.	Nat Prod Res	10.1080/14786410902916552	2010
Metabolism	A study of the bacterial community in the root system of the maytansine containing plant Putterlickia verrucosa.	Wings S, Muller H, Berg G, Lamshoft M, Leistner E.	Phytochemistry	10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.06.016	2013
Pathogenicity	Enhanced production of ansamitocin P-3 by addition of isobutanol in fermentation of Actinosynnema pretiosum.	Lin J, Bai L, Deng Z, Zhong JJ.	Bioresour Technol	10.1016/j.biortech.2010.09.102	2011
Metabolism	Preparative isolation and purification of anti-tumor agent ansamitocin P-3 from fermentation broth of Actinosynnema pretiosum using high-performance counter-current chromatography.	Yao Y, Cheng Z, Ye H, Xie Y, He J, Tang M, Shen T, Wang J, Zhou Y, Lu Z, Luo F, Chen L, Yu L, Yang JL, Peng A, Wei Y.	J Sep Sci	10.1002/jssc.200900746	2010
Metabolism	Dual carbamoylations on the polyketide and glycosyl moiety by asm21 result in extended ansamitocin biosynthesis.	Li Y, Zhao P, Kang Q, Ma J, Bai L, Deng Z.	Chem Biol	10.1016/j.chembiol.2011.11.007	2011
Metabolism	Constitutive overexpression of asm2 and asm39 increases AP-3 production in the actinomycete Actinosynnema pretiosum.	Ng D, Chin HK, Wong VV.	J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol	10.1007/s10295-009-0619-7	2009
Metabolism	Timing of the Delta(10,12)-Delta(11,13) double bond migration during ansamitocin biosynthesis in Actinosynnema pretiosum.	Taft F, Brunjes M, Knobloch T, Floss HG, Kirschning A.	J Am Chem Soc	10.1021/ja8088923	2009
Metabolism	Subtilisin-Involved Morphology Engineering for Improved Antibiotic Production in Actinomycetes.	Wu Y, Kang Q, Zhang LL, Bai L.	Biomolecules	10.3390/biom10060851	2020
	New amide N-glycosides of ansamitocins identified from Actinosynnema pretiosum.	Ma J, Zhao PJ, Shen YM.	Arch Pharm Res	10.1007/bf02977625	2007
	Preparation of new alkyne-modified ansamitocins by mutasynthesis.	Harmrolfs K, Mancuso L, Drung B, Sasse F, Kirschning A.	Beilstein J Org Chem	10.3762/bjoc.10.49	2014
Metabolism	Determination of the cryptic stereochemistry of the first PKS chain-extension step in ansamitocin biosynthesis by Actinosynnema pretiosum.	Kubota T, Brunjes M, Frenzel T, Xu J, Kirschning A, Floss HG.	Chembiochem	10.1002/cbic.200500506	2006
Enzymology	Cyclization of synthetic seco-proansamitocins to ansamitocin macrolactams by Actinosynnema pretiosum as biocatalyst.	Harmrolfs K, Brunjes M, Drager G, Floss HG, Sasse F, Taft F, Kirschning A.	Chembiochem	10.1002/cbic.201000422	2010
Pathogenicity	Immunoconjugates as an Efficient Platform for Drug Delivery: A Resurgence of Natural Products in Targeted Antitumor Therapy.	Mihaylova R, Momekova D, Elincheva V, Momekov G.	Pharmaceuticals (Basel)	10.3390/ph17121701	2024
Metabolism	The aminoshikimic acid pathway in bacteria as source of precursors for the synthesis of antibacterial and antiviral compounds.	Escalante A, Mendoza-Flores R, Gosset G, Bolivar F.	J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol	10.1093/jimb/kuab053	2021
Enzymology	Chemoenzymatic approaches toward dechloroansamitocin P-3.	Meyer A, Brunjes M, Taft F, Frenzel T, Sasse F, Kirschning A.	Org Lett	10.1021/ol0702270	2007
Metabolism	Amide N-glycosylation by Asm25, an N-glycosyltransferase of ansamitocins.	Zhao P, Bai L, Ma J, Zeng Y, Li L, Zhang Y, Lu C, Dai H, Wu Z, Li Y, Wu X, Chen G, Hao X, Shen Y, Deng Z, Floss HG.	Chem Biol	10.1016/j.chembiol.2008.06.007	2008
Metabolism	The post-polyketide synthase modification steps in the biosynthesis of the antitumor agent ansamitocin by Actinosynnema pretiosum.	Spiteller P, Bai L, Shang G, Carroll BJ, Yu TW, Floss HG.	J Am Chem Soc	10.1021/ja038166y	2003
	Genome Mining and Gene Expression Reveal Maytansine Biosynthetic Genes from Endophytic Communities Living inside Gymnosporia heterophylla (Eckl. and Zeyh.) Loes. and the Relationship with the Plant Biosynthetic Gene, Friedelin Synthase.	Pitakbut T, Spiteller M, Kayser O.	Plants (Basel)	10.3390/plants11030321	2022
	A cold shock protein promotes high-temperature microbial growth through binding to diverse RNA species.	Zhou Z, Tang H, Wang W, Zhang L, Su F, Wu Y, Bai L, Li S, Sun Y, Tao F, Xu P.	Cell Discov	10.1038/s41421-021-00246-5	2021
	Unprecedented deoxygenation at C-7 of the ansamitocin core during mutasynthetic biotransformations.	Knobloch T, Drager G, Collisi W, Sasse F, Kirschning A.	Beilstein J Org Chem	10.3762/bjoc.8.96	2012
	Recent developments in the maytansinoid antitumor agents.	Cassady JM, Chan KK, Floss HG, Leistner E.	Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo)	10.1248/cpb.52.1	2004
Enzymology	Bioprospecting potential of halogenases from Arctic marine actinomycetes.	Liao L, Chen R, Jiang M, Tian X, Liu H, Yu Y, Fan C, Chen B.	BMC Microbiol	10.1186/s12866-016-0662-2	2016
	N-glucosyltransferase GbNGT1 from ginkgo complements the auxin metabolic pathway.	Yin Q, Zhang J, Wang S, Cheng J, Gao H, Guo C, Ma L, Sun L, Han X, Chen S, Liu A.	Hortic Res	10.1038/s41438-021-00658-0	2021
Metabolism	N-methylation of the amide bond by methyltransferase asm10 in ansamitocin biosynthesis.	Wu Y, Kang Q, Shang G, Spiteller P, Carroll B, Yu TW, Su W, Bai L, Floss HG.	Chembiochem	10.1002/cbic.201100062	2011
Metabolism	Identification of asm19 as an acyltransferase attaching the biologically essential ester side chain of ansamitocins using N-desmethyl-4,5-desepoxymaytansinol, not maytansinol, as its substrate.	Moss SJ, Bai L, Toelzer S, Carroll BJ, Mahmud T, Yu TW, Floss HG.	J Am Chem Soc	10.1021/ja020214b	2002
	Functional expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of the novel polyketide chain extension unit, methoxymalonyl-acyl carrier protein, and engineered biosynthesis of 2-desmethyl-2-methoxy-6-deoxyerythronolide B.	Kato Y, Bai L, Xue Q, Revill WP, Yu TW, Floss HG.	J Am Chem Soc	10.1021/ja0127483	2002
Metabolism	Broad substrate specificity of the amide synthase in S. hygroscopicus--new 20-membered macrolactones derived from geldanamycin.	Eichner S, Eichner T, Floss HG, Fohrer J, Hofer E, Sasse F, Zeilinger C, Kirschning A.	J Am Chem Soc	10.1021/ja2087147	2012
Metabolism	Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide-Dependent Halogenase XanH and Engineering of Multifunctional Fusion Halogenases.	Kong L, Wang Q, Deng Z, You D.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.01225-20	2020
	An integrative expression vector for Actinosynnema pretiosum.	Goh S, Camattari A, Ng D, Song R, Madden K, Westpheling J, Wong VV.	BMC Biotechnol	10.1186/1472-6750-7-72	2007
	Exploring the potentialities of beneficial endophytes for improved plant growth.	Fadiji AE, Babalola OO.	Saudi J Biol Sci	10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.08.002	2020
	Manipulation of two regulatory genes for efficient production of chromomycins in Streptomyces reseiscleroticus.	Sun L, Zeng J, Cui P, Wang W, Yu D, Zhan J.	J Biol Eng	10.1186/s13036-018-0103-x	2018
Metabolism	The biosynthetic gene cluster of the maytansinoid antitumor agent ansamitocin from Actinosynnema pretiosum.	Yu TW, Bai L, Clade D, Hoffmann D, Toelzer S, Trinh KQ, Xu J, Moss SJ, Leistner E, Floss HG.	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A	10.1073/pnas.092697199	2002
Metabolism	Engineered biosynthesis of an ansamycin polyketide precursor in Escherichia coli.	Watanabe K, Rude MA, Walsh CT, Khosla C.	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A	10.1073/pnas.1632167100	2003
Metabolism	Investigation of the biosynthetic potential of endophytes in traditional Chinese anticancer herbs.	Miller KI, Qing C, Sze DM, Neilan BA.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0035953	2012
Metabolism	Functional characterization of tlmH in Streptoalloteichus hindustanus E465-94 ATCC 31158 unveiling new insight into tallysomycin biosynthesis and affording a novel bleomycin analog.	Tao M, Wang L, Wendt-Pienkowski E, Zhang N, Yang D, Galm U, Coughlin JM, Xu Z, Shen B.	Mol Biosyst	10.1039/b918106g	2010
	Potential of plant-derived natural products in the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma.	Lucas DM, Still PC, Perez LB, Grever MR, Kinghorn AD.	Curr Drug Targets	10.2174/138945010791320809	2010
Metabolism	Red soils harbor diverse culturable actinomycetes that are promising sources of novel secondary metabolites.	Guo X, Liu N, Li X, Ding Y, Shang F, Gao Y, Ruan J, Huang Y.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.03859-14	2015
Metabolism	Genetics of zwittermicin a production by Bacillus cereus.	Emmert EA, Klimowicz AK, Thomas MG, Handelsman J.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.70.1.104-113.2004	2004
Enzymology	Genetic localization and molecular characterization of two key genes (mitAB) required for biosynthesis of the antitumor antibiotic mitomycin C.	Mao Y, Varoglu M, Sherman DH.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.181.7.2199-2208.1999	1999
Genetics	Genome-Based Taxonomic Classification of the Phylum Actinobacteria.	Nouioui I, Carro L, Garcia-Lopez M, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Woyke T, Kyrpides NC, Pukall R, Klenk HP, Goodfellow M, Goker M.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2018.02007	2018

References

#11513	Leibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH ; Curators of the DSMZ; DSM 44132
#19633	Wink, J.: Compendium of Actinobacteria. HZI-Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig .
#20215	Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. IJSEM ( DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 )
#20216	Curators of the JMRC: Jena Microbial Resource Collection (JMRC):
#20218	Verslyppe, B., De Smet, W., De Baets, B., De Vos, P., Dawyndt P.: StrainInfo introduces electronic passports for microorganisms.. Syst Appl Microbiol. 37: 42 - 50 2014 ( DOI 10.1016/j.syapm.2013.11.002 , PubMed 24321274 )
#66792	Julia Koblitz, Joaquim Sardà, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Boyke Bunk, Jörg Overmann: Automatically annotated for the DiASPora project (Digital Approaches for the Synthesis of Poorly Accessible Biodiversity Information) .
#67770	Japan Collection of Microorganism (JCM) ; Curators of the JCM;
#68368	Automatically annotated from API 20E .
#68382	Automatically annotated from API zym .
#124043	Isabel Schober, Julia Koblitz: Data extracted from sequence databases, automatically matched based on designation and taxonomy .
#125439	Philipp Münch, René Mreches, Martin Binder, Hüseyin Anil Gündüz, Xiao-Yin To, Alice McHardy: deepG: Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 .
#126262	A. Lissin, I. Schober, J. F. Witte, H. Lüken, A. Podstawka, J. Koblitz, B. Bunk, P. Dawyndt, P. Vandamme, P. de Vos, J. Overmann, L. C. Reimer: StrainInfo—the central database for linked microbial strain identifiers. ( DOI 10.1093/database/baaf059 )

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Actinosynnema pretiosum subsp. pretiosum (DSM 44132, ATCC 31281, FERM P-3992)

Name and taxonomic classification

Morphology

Cell morphology

Colony morphology

Multicellular morphology

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

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Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

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Compound production

Halophily

Metabolite utilization

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API 20E

API zym

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Genome browser: GCA_024171695

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