Pseudomonas fragi (DSM 3456, ATCC 4973, NRRL B-25)

Name: Pseudomonas fragi (DSM 3456, ATCC 4973, NRRL B-25)
Creator: BacDive
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

BacDive ID 12861

Type strain

Culture col. no. DSM 3456 ATCC 4973 NRRL B-25 WDCM 00116 CIP 55.4 13 more

NCBI tax ID(s) 296

Special Collections DSMZ CCUG CIP JMRC

History DSMZ <- ATCC <- B.W. Hammer CIP <- 1955, NCIB <- 1952, ATCC <- B.W. Hammer, Iowa State Coll., USA

Links

Pseudomonas fragi DSM 3456 is an obligate aerobe, Gram-negative, motile bacterium of the family Pseudomonadaceae.

Gram-negative motile rod-shaped obligate aerobe 16S sequence Bacteria

Name and taxonomic classification

SI-ID 13764

LMG 2191,ATCC 13221,ATCC 4973,CCM 1974,CECT 446,DSM 3456,IFO 3458,NCDO 752,NCIB 8542,NCTC 10689,NBIMCC 8869,CCUG 556,CCUG 1312,NCTC 106890,NCIMB 8542,VKM B-898,CCRC 11019,VTT E-84200,NCFB 752,CIP 55.4,LMD 69.33,HAMBI 28,IMET 11250,NCCB 69033,NBRC 3458,CFBP 4556,NRRL B-727,BCRC 11019,CCT 4737,ATCC 1322,KACC 10830,NCIM 2201,CDBB 97,CGMCC 1.3349,VTT E-98200,NRRL B-25

@ref 20215

Last LPSN update 2026-05-29 08:27:54

Domain Bacteria

Phylum Pseudomonadota

Class Gammaproteobacteria

Order Pseudomonadales

Family Pseudomonadaceae

Genus Pseudomonas

Species Pseudomonas fragi

Full scientific name Pseudomonas fragi (Eichholz 1902) Gruber 1905 (Approved Lists 1980)

Synonyms (1)

"Bacterium fragi"

BacDive ID	Other strains from **Pseudomonas fragi** (116)	Type strain
134761	P. fragi 1CH6, CIP 60.46, LMG 5919
137113	P. fragi 1CH7, CIP 60.47, LMG 5920
137114	P. fragi 16E, CIP 60.48
137115	P. fragi 20M, CIP 60.49
141185	P. fragi CCUG 45
141197	P. fragi CCUG 159
141368	P. fragi CCUG 1206
141465	P. fragi CCUG 2073, NRRL B-2397
143369	P. fragi CCUG 18759
145762	P. fragi CCUG 29524
154673	P. fragi CCUG 54802
155995	P. fragi CCUG 59953
155996	P. fragi CCUG 59954
157806	P. fragi S117, DSM 108137
162817	P. fragi JCM 20237, IAM 1650, IFO 12049, NBRC 12049
165146	P. fragi JCM 5362
165147	P. fragi JCM 5363
165148	P. fragi JCM 5364
165149	P. fragi JCM 5365
165150	P. fragi JCM 5366
165151	P. fragi JCM 5367
165152	P. fragi JCM 5368
165153	P. fragi JCM 5369
165154	P. fragi JCM 5370
165155	P. fragi JCM 5371
165156	P. fragi JCM 5372
165157	P. fragi JCM 5373
165158	P. fragi JCM 5374
165159	P. fragi JCM 5375
165160	P. fragi JCM 5376
165161	P. fragi JCM 5377
165162	P. fragi JCM 5378
165163	P. fragi JCM 5379
165164	P. fragi JCM 5380
165165	P. fragi JCM 5382
165166	P. fragi JCM 5383
165167	P. fragi JCM 5384
165168	P. fragi JCM 5385
165169	P. fragi JCM 5386
165170	P. fragi JCM 5387
165171	P. fragi JCM 5388
165172	P. fragi JCM 5389
165173	P. fragi JCM 5390
165174	P. fragi JCM 5391
165175	P. fragi JCM 5392
165176	P. fragi JCM 5393
165177	P. fragi JCM 5394
165178	P. fragi JCM 5395
165179	P. fragi JCM 5396
165180	P. fragi JCM 5397
165181	P. fragi JCM 5398
165182	P. fragi JCM 5399
165183	P. fragi JCM 5400
165184	P. fragi JCM 5401
165185	P. fragi JCM 5402
165186	P. fragi JCM 5403
165187	P. fragi JCM 5404
165190	P. fragi JCM 5407
165191	P. fragi JCM 5408
165192	P. fragi JCM 5409
165193	P. fragi JCM 5410
165194	P. fragi JCM 5411
165195	P. fragi JCM 5412
165196	P. fragi JCM 5413
165197	P. fragi JCM 5414
165199	P. fragi JCM 5417
165200	P. fragi JCM 5418
165201	P. fragi JCM 5419
165202	P. fragi JCM 5420
165203	P. fragi JCM 5421
165204	P. fragi JCM 5422
165205	P. fragi JCM 5423
165206	P. fragi JCM 5425
165207	P. fragi JCM 5426
165208	P. fragi JCM 5427
165209	P. fragi JCM 5428
165210	P. fragi JCM 5429
165211	P. fragi JCM 5430
165212	P. fragi JCM 5431
165213	P. fragi JCM 5432
165214	P. fragi JCM 5433
165215	P. fragi JCM 5434
165216	P. fragi JCM 5435
165217	P. fragi JCM 5436
165218	P. fragi JCM 5437
165219	P. fragi JCM 5438
165221	P. fragi JCM 5440
165222	P. fragi JCM 5441
165223	P. fragi JCM 5442
165224	P. fragi JCM 5444
165225	P. fragi JCM 5445
165226	P. fragi JCM 5446
165227	P. fragi JCM 5447
165228	P. fragi JCM 5448
165229	P. fragi JCM 5449
165230	P. fragi JCM 5451
165231	P. fragi JCM 5452
165232	P. fragi JCM 5453
165233	P. fragi JCM 5454
165235	P. fragi JCM 5456
165236	P. fragi JCM 5457
165237	P. fragi JCM 5460
165238	P. fragi JCM 5461
165239	P. fragi JCM 5462
165241	P. fragi JCM 5464
165243	P. fragi JCM 5467
165244	P. fragi JCM 5468
165245	P. fragi JCM 5469
165248	P. fragi JCM 5472
165249	P. fragi JCM 5473
165250	P. fragi JCM 5474
165251	P. fragi JCM 5475
165252	P. fragi JCM 5476
165253	P. fragi JCM 5477
165254	P. fragi JCM 5479
165258	P. fragi JCM 5483

Morphology

Cell morphology

@ref	Gram stain	Cell shape	Motility
119443	negative	rod-shaped

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Medium link	Composition
1314	CASO AGAR (MERCK 105458) (DSMZ Medium 220)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: CASO AGAR (Merck 105458) (DSMZ Medium 220) Composition: Agar 15.0 g/l Casein peptone 15.0 g/l NaCl 5.0 g/l Soy peptone 5.0 g/l Distilled water
1314	NUTRIENT AGAR (DSMZ Medium 1)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: NUTRIENT AGAR (DSMZ Medium 1) Composition: Agar 15.0 g/l Peptone 5.0 g/l Meat extract 3.0 g/l Distilled water
36579	MEDIUM 72- for trypto casein soja agar		Distilled water make up to (1000.000 ml);Trypto casein soy agar (40.000 g)
119443	CIP Medium 72	Medium recipe at CIP
119443	CIP Medium 3	Medium recipe at CIP

Culture temp

@ref	Growth	Type	Temperature (°C)
1314	positive	growth	26
36579	positive	growth	30
119443	positive	growth	5-30
119443	negative	growth	41
119443	negative	growth	45

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

119443

Oxygen toleranceobligate aerobe

Metabolite utilization

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Utilization activity	Kind of utilization tested
68369	17128 ChEBI	adipate	-	assimilation	from API 20NE
68369	29016 ChEBI	arginine	+	hydrolysis	from API 20NE
119443	16947 ChEBI	citrate	+	carbon source
68369	17634 ChEBI	D-glucose	+	assimilation	from API 20NE
68369	17634 ChEBI	D-glucose	-	fermentation	from API 20NE
68369	16899 ChEBI	D-mannitol	-	assimilation	from API 20NE
68369	16024 ChEBI	D-mannose	-	assimilation	from API 20NE
68369	27689 ChEBI	decanoate	+	assimilation	from API 20NE
119443	4853 ChEBI	esculin	-	hydrolysis
68369	4853 ChEBI	esculin	-	hydrolysis	from API 20NE
68369	5291 ChEBI	gelatin	-	hydrolysis	from API 20NE
68369	24265 ChEBI	gluconate	+	assimilation	from API 20NE
68369	30849 ChEBI	L-arabinose	+	assimilation	from API 20NE
68369	25115 ChEBI	malate	+	assimilation	from API 20NE
68369	17306 ChEBI	maltose	-	assimilation	from API 20NE
68369	59640 ChEBI	N-acetylglucosamine	-	assimilation	from API 20NE
119443	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	-	reduction
119443	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	-	respiration
68369	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	-	reduction	from API 20NE
119443	16301 ChEBI	nitrite	-	reduction
119443	15882 ChEBI	phenol	+	degradation
68369	27897 ChEBI	tryptophan	-	energy source	from API 20NE
68369	16199 ChEBI	urea	-	hydrolysis	from API 20NE

Antibiotic resistance

@ref	Metabolite	Is sensitive	Is resistant
119443	0129 (2,4-Diamino-6,7-di-iso-propylpteridine phosphate)

Metabolite production

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Production
68369	35581 ChEBI	indole		from API 20NE
119443	35581 ChEBI	indole

Metabolite tests

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Indole test	Voges-proskauer-test
119443	15688 ChEBI	acetoin		-
68369	35581 ChEBI	indole	-		from API 20NE

Enzymes

@ref	Value	Activity	Ec
68382	acid phosphatase	+	3.1.3.2	from API zym
119443	alcohol dehydrogenase	+	1.1.1.1
68382	alkaline phosphatase	-	3.1.3.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-chymotrypsin	-	3.4.21.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-fucosidase	-	3.2.1.51	from API zym
68382	alpha-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.22	from API zym
68382	alpha-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.20	from API zym
68382	alpha-mannosidase	-	3.2.1.24	from API zym
119443	amylase	-
68369	arginine dihydrolase	+	3.5.3.6	from API 20NE
68382	beta-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.23	from API zym
119443	beta-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.23
68382	beta-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.21	from API zym
68369	beta-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.21	from API 20NE
68382	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API zym
119443	caseinase	-	3.4.21.50
119443	catalase	+	1.11.1.6
68382	cystine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.3	from API zym
68369	cytochrome oxidase	+	1.9.3.1	from API 20NE
119443	DNase	-
68382	esterase (C 4)	+		from API zym
68382	esterase lipase (C 8)	+		from API zym
119443	gelatinase	-
68369	gelatinase	-		from API 20NE
119443	lecithinase	-
68382	leucine arylamidase	+	3.4.11.1	from API zym
68382	lipase (C 14)	-		from API zym
119443	lysine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.18
68382	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	-	3.2.1.52	from API zym
68382	naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	+		from API zym
119443	ornithine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.17
119443	oxidase	+
119443	phenylalanine ammonia-lyase	+	4.3.1.24
68382	trypsin	+	3.4.21.4	from API zym
119443	tryptophan deaminase	-
119443	tween esterase	-
119443	urease	-	3.5.1.5
68369	urease	-	3.5.1.5	from API 20NE
68382	valine arylamidase	+		from API zym

API zym

@ref	Control	Alkaline phosphatase	Esterase (C 4)	2-naphtyl caprylateEsterase Lipase (C 8)	Lipase (C 14)	L-leucyl-2-naphthylamideLeucine arylamidase	L-valyl-2-naphthylamideValine arylamidase	L-cystyl-2-naphthylamideCystine arylamidase	Trypsin	alpha- Chymotrypsin	Acid phosphatase	Naphthol-AS-BI-phosphateNaphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	alpha- Galactosidase	beta- Galactosidase	beta- Glucuronidase	alpha- Glucosidase	beta- Glucosidase	N-acetyl-beta- glucosaminidase	alpha- Mannosidase	alpha- Fucosidase
119443	-	-	+	+	-	+	+	-	+	-	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

API 20NE

@ref	Reduction of nitratesNO3	TRP	GLU_ Ferm	ADH (Arg)	URE	ESC	GEL	PNPG	GLU_ Assim	ARA	MNE	MAN	NAG	MAL	GNT	CAP	ADI	MLT	CIT	PAC	OX
1314	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	+	+	-	+
1314	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	+	+	-	+
1314	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	+	+	-	+
1314	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	+	+	-	+

API biotype100

@ref	ControlQ	D-glucose as carbon sourceGLU	D-fructose as carbon sourceFRU	D-galactose as carbon sourceGAL	D-trehalose as carbon sourceTRE	D-mannose as carbon sourceMNE	L-sorbose as carbon sourceSBE	D-melibiose as carbon sourceMEL	sucrose as carbon sourceSAC	D-raffinose as carbon sourceRAF	maltotriose as carbon sourceMTE	maltose as carbon sourceMAL	lactose as carbon sourceLAC	lactulose as carbon sourceLTE	1-O-methyl-beta-galactopyranoside as carbon sourceMbGa	1-O-methyl-alpha-galactopyranoside as carbon sourceMaGa	D-cellobiose as carbon sourceCEL	gentiobiose as carbon sourceGEN	1-O-methyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside as carbon sourceMbGu	esculin as carbon sourceESC	D-ribose as carbon sourceRIB	L-arabinose as carbon sourceARA	D-xylose as carbon sourceXYL	palatinose as carbon sourcePLE	L-rhamnose as carbon sourceRHA	L-fucose as carbon sourceFUC	D-melezitose as carbon sourceMLZ	D-arabitol as carbon sourceDARL	L-arabitol as carbon sourceLARL	xylitol as carbon sourceXLT	dulcitol as carbon sourceDUL	D-tagatose as carbon sourceTAG	glycerol as carbon sourceGLY	myo-inositol as carbon sourceINO	D-mannitol as carbon sourceMAN	maltitol as carbon sourceMTL	D-turanose as carbon sourceTUR	D-sorbitol as carbon sourceSOR	adonitol as carbon sourceADO	hydroxyquinoline-beta-glucuronide as carbon sourceHBG	D-lyxose as carbon sourceLYX	i-erythritol as carbon sourceERY	1-O-methyl-alpha-D-glucoside as carbon sourceMDG	3-O-methyl-D-glucose as carbon source3MDG	D-saccharate as carbon sourceSAT	mucate as carbon sourceMUC	L-tartrate as carbon sourceLTAT	D-tartrate as carbon sourceDTAT	meso-tartrate as carbon sourceMTAT	D-malate as carbon sourceDMLT	L-malate as carbon sourceLMLT	cis-aconitate as carbon sourceCATE	trans-aconitate as carbon sourceTATE	tricarballylate as carbon sourceTTE	citrate as carbon sourceCIT	D-glucuronate as carbon sourceGRT	D-galacturonate as carbon sourceGAT	2-ketogluconate as carbon source2KG	5-ketogluconate as carbon source5KG	tryptophan as carbon sourceTRY	N-acetyl-D-glucosamine as carbon sourceNAG	D-gluconate as carbon sourceGNT	phenylacetate as carbon sourcePAC	protocatechuate as carbon sourcePAT	4-hydroxybenzoate as carbon sourcepOBE	quinate as carbon sourceQAT	gentisate as carbon sourceGTE	3-hydroxybenzoate as carbon sourcemOBE	benzoate as carbon sourceBAT	3-phenylpropionate as carbon sourcePPAT	m-coumarate as carbon sourceCMT	trigonelline as carbon sourceTGE	betaine as carbon sourceBET	putrescine as carbon sourcePCE	4-aminobutyrate as carbon sourceABT	histamine as carbon sourceHIN	DL-lactate as carbon sourceLAT	caprate as carbon sourceCAP	caprylate as carbon sourceCYT	L-histidine as carbon sourceHIS	succinate as carbon sourceSUC	fumarate as carbon sourceFUM	glutarate as carbon sourceGRE	DL-glycerate as carbon sourceGYT	5-aminovalerate as carbon sourceAVT	ethanolamine as carbon sourceETN	tryptamine as carbon sourceTTN	D-glucosamine as carbon sourceGLN	itaconate as carbon sourceITA	3-hydroxybutyrate as carbon source3OBU	L-aspartate as carbon sourceAPT	L-glutamate as carbon sourceGTT	L-proline as carbon sourcePRO	D-alanine as carbon sourceDALA	L-alanine as carbon sourceLALA	L-serine as carbon sourceSER	malonate as carbon sourceMNT	propionate as carbon sourcePROP	L-tyrosine as carbon sourceTYR	2-ketoglutarate as carbon source2KT
119443	not determinedn.d.	+	+	-	+	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	+	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	+	+	+	-	-	+	-	-	+	+	-	-	+	-	+	-	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	+	+	+	-	+	+	+	-	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	+	+	+

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Taxonmaps

69479

Global distribution of 16S sequence AB680088 (>99% sequence identity) for Pseudomonas from Microbeatlas

Aquatic Samples	830
Soil Samples	460
Animal Samples	1081
Plant Samples	571
Total Samples	2942

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

@ref	Biosafety level	Biosafety level comment
1314	1	Risk group (German classification) According to TRBA 466
119443	1	Risk group (French classification) According to TRBA 466

Sequence information

16S sequences

@ref	Description	Accession	Length	NCBI tax ID
20218	Pseudomonas fragi strain ATCC 4973 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence	AF094733	1458	296
20218	Pseudomonas fragi strain ATCC 4973 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence	FJ971871	791	296
20218	Pseudomonas fragi 16S-23S intergenic spacer strain CECT 446	AJ279241	324	296
20218	Pseudomonas fragi gene for 16S rRNA, strain: IFO 3458	AB021413	1527	296
20218	Pseudomonas fragi gene for 16S rRNA, partial sequence, strain: NBRC 3458	AB680088	1462	296
124043	Pseudomonas fragi partial 16S rRNA gene, isolate strain #20 (MBG-DUTH)/DSM 3456 (ELTE)	OU548674	851	296
124043	Pseudomonas fragi culture DSM:3456 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence.	KX186946	1431	296
124043	Pseudomonas fragi strain ATCC 4973 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence.	OP164733	1443	296

Genome-based predictions

Literature

Topic	Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
	Role of Microbial Interactions across Food-Related Bacteria on Biofilm Population and Biofilm Decontamination by a TiO₂-Nanoparticle-Based Surfactant.	Doulgeraki AI, Kamarinou CS, Nychas GE, Argyri AA, Tassou CC, Moulas G, Chorianopoulos N.	Pathogens	10.3390/pathogens12040573	2023
	Pseudomonas species prevalence, protein analysis, and antibiotic resistance: an evolving public health challenge.	Elbehiry A, Marzouk E, Aldubaib M, Moussa I, Abalkhail A, Ibrahem M, Hamada M, Sindi W, Alzaben F, Almuzaini AM, Algammal AM, Rawway M.	AMB Express	10.1186/s13568-022-01390-1	2022
	Packaging Design Using Mustard Seeds as a Natural Antimicrobial: A Study on Inhibition of Pseudomonas fragi in Liquid Medium.	Bahmid NA, Heising J, Fogliano V, Dekker M.	Foods	10.3390/foods9060789	2020
Pathogenicity	Fast and Easy Phage-Tagging and Live/Dead Analysis for the Rapid Monitoring of Bacteriophage Infection.	Low HZ, Bohnlein C, Sprotte S, Wagner N, Fiedler G, Kabisch J, Franz CMAP.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2020.602444	2020
Phylogeny	Antimicrobial Activity of Lactones.	Mazur M, Maslowiec D.	Antibiotics (Basel)	10.3390/antibiotics11101327	2022
Metabolism	PhaG-mediated synthesis of Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) consisting of medium-chain-length constituents from nonrelated carbon sources in recombinant Pseudomonas fragi.	Fiedler S, Steinbuchel A, Rehm BH.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.66.5.2117-2124.2000	2000
Metabolism	Utilization of oligopeptides by Listeria monocytogenes Scott A.	Verheul A, Rombouts FM, Abee T.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.64.3.1059-1065.1998	1998
Biotechnology	Inactivation of deposited bioaerosols on food contact surfaces with UV-C light emitting diode devices.	Sharma A, Singh A, Pendyala B, Balamurugan S, Patras A.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.01093-24	2025
	Magnetomechanical Detachment of Bacterial Biofilms Using Anisotropic Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanochains.	Savli M, Cernila M, Caf M, Zahirovic A, Zaversek N, Nemec S, Stojanov S, Klancnik A, Sabotic J, Kralj S, Berlec A.	ACS Appl Bio Mater	10.1021/acsabm.5c01029	2025
	Pseudomonas fragi biofilm on stainless steel (at low temperatures) affects the survival of Campylobacter jejuni and Listeria monocytogenes and their control by a polymer molybdenum oxide nanocomposite coating.	Sternisa M, Gradisar Centa U, Drnovsek A, Remskar M, Smole Mozina S.	Int J Food Microbiol	10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110159	2023
	Isolation, characterization, and application of bacteriophage cocktails for the biocontrol of Pseudomonas fluorescens group strains in whole and skimmed milk.	Tayyarcan EK, Boyaci IH.	Braz J Microbiol	10.1007/s42770-023-01164-2	2023
	Antibacterial Mechanism of Linalool against Pseudomonas fragi: A Transcriptomic Study.	Li Y, Ren F, Chen D, Chen H, Chen W.	Foods	10.3390/foods11142058	2022
Genetics	Versatile sugar and valerate metabolic pathways in Paraburkholderia xenovorans LB400 enable tailored poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) production.	Sepulveda MI, Urtuvia V, Alvarez-Santullano N, Villegas P, Vasquez-Navarrete J, Saffirio V, Diaz-Barrera A, Gonzalez M, Gomez JGC, Mendez V, Seeger M.	Appl Microbiol Biotechnol	10.1007/s00253-025-13599-8	2025
	Photodynamic Inactivation of Foodborne Bacteria: Screening of 32 Potential Photosensitizers.	Prasad A, Wynands E, Roche SM, Romo-Bernal C, Allan N, Olson M, Levengood S, Andersen R, Loebel N, Sabino CP, Ross JA.	Foods	10.3390/foods13030453	2024
	Characterization of the biofilm matrix composition of psychrotrophic, meat spoilage pseudomonads.	Wickramasinghe NN, Hlaing MM, Ravensdale JT, Coorey R, Chandry PS, Dykes GA.	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-020-73612-0	2020
Genetics	Genome sequences of Pseudomonas fragi strains A22 and B25.	Mei Y, Sun Y, He J, Wang Q, Sun Y, Shao W.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.00488-12	2012
Enzymology	Heterologous expression of genes for bioconversion of xylose to xylonic acid in Corynebacterium glutamicum and optimization of the bioprocess.	Sundar MSL, Susmitha A, Rajan D, Hannibal S, Sasikumar K, Wendisch VF, Nampoothiri KM.	AMB Express	10.1186/s13568-020-01003-9	2020
	Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliot, Cornus mas L. and Chaenomeles superba Lindl. Leaf Extracts.	Efenberger-Szmechtyk M, Nowak A, Czyzowska A, Kucharska AZ, Fecka I.	Molecules	10.3390/molecules25092011	2020
	The Use of Ozone as an Eco-Friendly Strategy against Microbial Biofilm in Dairy Manufacturing Plants: A Review.	Panebianco F, Rubiola S, Di Ciccio PA.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms10010162	2022
	Identification of rennet-whey solids in "traditional butter" by means of HPLC/ESI-MS of non-glycosylated caseinomacropeptide A	De Noni I, Resmini P.	Food Chem	10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.09.011	2005
	Biological conversion of aromatic monolignol compounds by a Pseudomonas isolate from sediments of the Baltic Sea.	Ravi K, Garcia-Hidalgo J, Nobel M, Gorwa-Grauslund MF, Liden G.	AMB Express	10.1186/s13568-018-0563-x	2018
	Effect of sodium lactate, calcium lactate and sodium alginate on bacterial and aminopeptidase activity	Harmayani E, Sofos JN, Schmidt GR.	Journal of food safety.	10.1111/j.1745-4565.1991.tb00058.x	1991
	Electron microscopic investigation of Pseudomonas fragi ATCC 4973 on intact and sarcoplasm-depleted bovine longissimus dorsi muscle at 21 degrees C.	Wing PL, Yada RY, Skura BJ.	J Food Sci	10.1111/j.1365-2621.1983.tb10770.x	1983
	Microbial environment affects innate immunity in two closely related earthworm species Eisenia andrei and Eisenia fetida.	Dvorak J, Mancikova V, Pizl V, Elhottova D, Silerova M, Roubalova R, Skanta F, Prochazkova P, Bilej M.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0079257	2013
	Bioluminescence assay for estimating the hydrophobic properties of bacteria as revealed by hydrophobic interaction chromatography.	Mafu AA, Roy D, Savoie L, Goulet J.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.57.6.1640-1643.1991	1991
Enzymology	Detection of food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria based on ligation detection reaction coupled to flow-through hybridization on membranes.	Bohme K, Cremonesi P, Severgnini M, Villa TG, Fernandez-No IC, Barros-Velazquez J, Castiglioni B, Calo-Mata P.	Biomed Res Int	10.1155/2014/156323	2014
Enzymology	BactQuant: an enhanced broad-coverage bacterial quantitative real-time PCR assay.	Liu CM, Aziz M, Kachur S, Hsueh PR, Huang YT, Keim P, Price LB.	BMC Microbiol	10.1186/1471-2180-12-56	2012
Biotechnology	Numerical taxonomy of gram-negative, nonmotile, nonfermentative bacteria isolated during chilled storage of lamb carcasses.	Prieto M, Garcia-Armesto MR, Garcia-Lopez ML, Otero A, Moreno B.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.58.7.2245-2249.1992	1992
Metabolism	Degradation of triglycerides by a pseudomonad isolated from milk: molecular analysis of a lipase-encoding gene and its expression in Escherichia coli.	Johnson LA, Beacham IR, MacRae IC, Free ML.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.58.5.1776-1779.1992	1992
	Plasmid donor affects host range of promiscuous IncP-1beta plasmid pB10 in an activated-sludge microbial community.	De Gelder L, Vandecasteele FP, Brown CJ, Forney LJ, Top EM.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.71.9.5309-5317.2005	2005
Pathogenicity	Lethal effect of butylated hydroxyanisole as related to bacterial fatty acid composition.	Post LS, Davidson PM.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.52.1.214-216.1986	1986
	Ester production by Pseudomonas fragi. IV. Demonstration of esterase activity.	Reddy MC, Lindsay RC, Montgomery MW.	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.20.4.555-557.1970	1970
Enzymology	Isolation and properties of the protease from the wild-type and mutant strains of Pseudomonas fragi.	Noreau J, Drapeau GR.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.140.3.911-916.1979	1979
Metabolism	Action of Pseudomonas fragi on the proteins of pig muscle.	Tarrant PJ, Pearson AM, Price JF, Lechowich RV.	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.22.2.224-228.1971	1971
Biotechnology	Observations by electron microscopy on pig muscle inoculated and incubated with Pseudomonas fragi.	Dutson TR, Pearson AM, Price JF, Spink GC, Tarrant PJ.	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.22.6.1152-1158.1971	1971
	Effect of Environmental and Physiological Conditions on the Phase of Adjustment of Pseudomonas fragi.	Duncan DW, Nickerson JT.	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.11.3.179-183.1963	1963
Metabolism	Proteolytic enzyme preparation from Pseudomonas fragi: its action on pig muscle.	Tarrant PJ, Jenkins N, Pearson AM, Dutson TR.	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.25.6.996-1005.1973	1973
	Survival of Vibrio parahaemolyticus at low temperatures under starvation conditions and subsequent resuscitation of viable, nonculturable cells.	Jiang X, Chai TJ.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.62.4.1300-1305.1996	1996
Biotechnology	New method to study bacterial adhesion to meat.	Piette JP, Idziak ES.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.55.6.1531-1536.1989	1989
Biotechnology	Isolation and identification of psychrophilic species of Bacillus from milk.	Shehata TE, Collins EB.	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.21.3.466-469.1971	1971
	Catalase activity of psychrophilic bacteria grown at 2 and at 30 C.	FRANK HA, ISHIBASHI ST, REID A, ITO JS.	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.11.2.151-153.1963	1963
Phylogeny	Molecular and phenotypic characterization of nonmotile Gram-negative bacteria associated with spoilage of freshwater fish.	Garcia-Lopez I, Otero A, Garcia-Lopez ML, Santos JA.	J Appl Microbiol	10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02214.x	2004
Enzymology	The cold-active lipase of Pseudomonas fragi. Heterologous expression, biochemical characterization and molecular modeling.	Alquati C, De Gioia L, Santarossa G, Alberghina L, Fantucci P, Lotti M.	Eur J Biochem	10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.03012.x	2002
	Expression and characterization of thermotolerant lipase with broad pH profiles isolated from an Antarctic Pseudomonas sp strain AMS3.	Latip W, Raja Abd Rahman RNZ, Chor Leow AT, Mohd Shariff F, Mohamad Ali MS.	PeerJ	10.7717/peerj.2420	2016
	Effect of chitosan in meat preservation.	Darmadji P, Izumimoto M.	Meat Sci	10.1016/0309-1740(94)90114-7	1994
	Cloning, expression, and nucleotide sequence of a lipase gene from Pseudomonas fluorescens B52.	Tan Y, Miller KJ.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.58.4.1402-1407.1992	1992
Enzymology	Purification, gene cloning, amino acid sequence analysis, and expression of an extracellular lipase from an Aeromonas hydrophila human isolate.	Anguita J, Rodriguez Aparicio LB, Naharro G.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.59.8.2411-2417.1993	1993
Biotechnology	Improved fluorogenic assay for rapid detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in foods.	Miyamoto T, Miwa H, Hatano S.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.56.5.1480-1484.1990	1990
	Quantitative and Compositional Study of Monospecies Biofilms of Spoilage Microorganisms in the Meat Industry and Their Interaction in the Development of Multispecies Biofilms.	Ripolles-Avila C, Garcia-Hernandez N, Cervantes-Huaman BH, Mazaheri T, Rodriguez-Jerez JJ.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms7120655	2019
	Assessment of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties on Meat Homogenates of Essential Oils Obtained from Four Thymus Species Achieved from Organic Growth.	Ballester-Costa C, Sendra E, Fernandez-Lopez J, Perez-Alvarez JA, Viuda-Martos M.	Foods	10.3390/foods6080059	2017
Phylogeny	Rapid detection and differentiation of Salmonella species, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis by multiplex quantitative PCR.	Heymans R, Vila A, van Heerwaarden CAM, Jansen CCC, Castelijn GAA, van der Voort M, Biesta-Peters EG.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0206316	2018
	Attachment of bacteria to beef from steam-pasteurized carcasses.	Warriner K, Eveleigh K, Goodman J, Betts G, Gonzales M, Waites WM.	J Food Prot	10.4315/0362-028x-64.4.493	2001
Biotechnology	Soleris®Enterobacteriaceae for the Detection of Enterobacteriaceae in Select Foods: AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM 121901.	Alles S, Roman B, Betts G, Jordan S, Everis L, Montei C, Biswas P, Mozola M, Donofrio R.	J AOAC Int	10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa001	2020
Phylogeny	New degenerate Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroides-specific 16S ribosomal DNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes reveal high bacterial diversity in River Taff epilithon.	O'Sullivan LA, Weightman AJ, Fry JC.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.68.1.201-210.2002	2002
Enzymology	Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant Capacity and Antimicrobial Activity of Nettle Leaves Extracts Obtained by Advanced Extraction Techniques.	Elez Garofulic I, Malin V, Repajic M, Zoric Z, Pedisic S, Sternisa M, Smole Mozina S, Dragovic-Uzelac V	Molecules	10.3390/molecules26206153	2021
	Efficacy of olive leaf extract (Olea europaea L. cv Gentile di Larino) in marinated anchovies (Engraulis encrasicolus, L.) process.	Testa B, Lombardi SJ, Macciola E, Succi M, Tremonte P, Iorizzo M	Heliyon	10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01727	2019
Transcriptome	Cold stress promoting a psychrotolerant bacterium Pseudomonas fragi P121 producing trehaloase.	Mei YZ, Huang PW, Liu Y, He W, Fang WW	World J Microbiol Biotechnol	10.1007/s11274-016-2097-1	2016
Biotechnology	Production of volatile compounds in cheese by Pseudomonas fragi strains of dairy origin.	Morales P, Fernandez-Garcia E, Nunez M	J Food Prot	10.4315/0362-028x-68.7.1399	2005
Metabolism	Control of pyrimidine synthesis in Pseudomonas fragi.	West TP	Lett Appl Microbiol	10.1046/j.1472-765x.2002.01203.x	2002
Biotechnology	The differential adherence capabilities of two Listeria monocytogenes strains in monoculture and multispecies biofilms as a function of temperature.	Norwood DE, Gilmour A	Lett Appl Microbiol	10.1046/j.1472-765x.2001.01004.x	2001
Metabolism	Acquisition of iron by the non-siderophore-producing Pseudomonas fragi.	Champomier-Verges MC, Stintzi A, Meyer JM	Microbiology (Reading)	10.1099/13500872-142-5-1191	1996
	Biofilm Formation by Listeria monocytogenes Utilizes a Primary Colonizing Microorganism in Flowing Systems.	Sasahara KC, Zottola EA	J Food Prot	10.4315/0362-028X-56.12.1022	1993
Genetics	Structure of the glycocalyx polysaccharide of Pseudomonas fragi ATCC 4973.	Parolis LA, Parolis H, Dutton GG, Wing PL, Skura BJ	Carbohydr Res	10.1016/0008-6215(92)84184-t	1991
	Functional Characteristics of Extracellular Vesicles Produced by Pseudomonas fragi ATCC 4973.	Myhara RM, Skura BJ, Patel T, Nakajima M	J Food Prot	10.4315/0362-028X-53.10.859	1990
Cultivation	Centroid search optimization of cultural conditions affecting the production of extracellular proteinase by Pseudomonas fragi ATCC 4973.	Myhara RM, Skura B	J Appl Bacteriol	10.1111/j.1365-2672.1990.tb01545.x	1990
Enzymology	Ultrastructural localization of an extracellular protease in Pseudomonas fragi by using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase reaction.	Thompson SS, Naidu YM, Pestka JJ	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.50.4.1038-1042.1985	1985
Phylogeny	Numerical taxonomy of psychrotrophic pseudomonads.	Molin G, Ternstrom A	J Gen Microbiol	10.1099/00221287-128-6-1249	1982
	Scanning electron microscope study of Pseudomonas fragi on intact and sarcoplasm-depleted bovine longissimus dorsi muscle.	Yada RY, Skura BJ	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.43.4.905-915.1982	1982
Phylogeny	Pseudomonas paraversuta sp. nov. isolated from refrigerated dry-aged beef.	Lick S, Wibberg D, Winkler A, Blom J, Grimmler C, Goesmann A, Kalinowski J, Krockel L	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijsem.0.004822	2021
Phylogeny	Pseudomonas saxonica sp. nov., isolated from raw milk and skimmed milk concentrate.	Hofmann K, Huptas C, Doll EV, Scherer S, Wenning M	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijsem.0.003851	2020
Phylogeny	Pseudomonas bubulae sp. nov., isolated from beef.	Lick S, Krockel L, Wibberg D, Winkler A, Blom J, Goesmann A, Kalinowski J	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijsem.0.003751	2020

References

#1314	Leibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH ; Curators of the DSMZ; DSM 3456
#20215	Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. IJSEM ( DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 )
#20216	Curators of the JMRC: Jena Microbial Resource Collection (JMRC):
#20218	Verslyppe, B., De Smet, W., De Baets, B., De Vos, P., Dawyndt P.: StrainInfo introduces electronic passports for microorganisms.. Syst Appl Microbiol. 37: 42 - 50 2014 ( DOI 10.1016/j.syapm.2013.11.002 , PubMed 24321274 )
#36579	; Curators of the CIP;
#68369	Automatically annotated from API 20NE .
#68382	Automatically annotated from API zym .
#69479	João F Matias Rodrigues, Janko Tackmann,Gregor Rot, Thomas SB Schmidt, Lukas Malfertheiner, Mihai Danaila,Marija Dmitrijeva, Daniela Gaio, Nicolas Näpflin and Christian von Mering. University of Zurich.: MicrobeAtlas 1.0 beta .
#119443	Collection of Institut Pasteur ; Curators of the CIP; CIP 55.4
#124043	Isabel Schober, Julia Koblitz: Data extracted from sequence databases, automatically matched based on designation and taxonomy .
#126262	A. Lissin, I. Schober, J. F. Witte, H. Lüken, A. Podstawka, J. Koblitz, B. Bunk, P. Dawyndt, P. Vandamme, P. de Vos, J. Overmann, L. C. Reimer: StrainInfo—the central database for linked microbial strain identifiers. ( DOI 10.1093/database/baaf059 )

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Pseudomonas fragi (DSM 3456, ATCC 4973, NRRL B-25)

Name and taxonomic classification

Morphology

Cell morphology

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

Culture temp

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

Metabolite utilization

Antibiotic resistance

Metabolite production

Metabolite tests

Enzymes

API zym

API 20NE

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