Azotobacter chroococcum (DSM 2286, ATCC 9043, VKM B-1616)

Name: Azotobacter chroococcum (DSM 2286, ATCC 9043, VKM B-1616)
Creator: BacDive
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

BacDive ID 12736

Type strain

Strain Designation 43

Culture col. no. DSM 2286 ATCC 9043 VKM B-1616 CCUG 53675 LMG 8756 13 more

NCBI tax ID(s) 353 2707774

Special Collections DSMZ CCUG JCM

History <- ATCC <- R.L. Starkey, 43 IAM 12666 <-- ATCC 9043 <-- R. L. Starkey 43.

Links

Azotobacter chroococcum 43 is a mesophilic prokaryote of the family Pseudomonadaceae.

mesophilic genome sequence 16S sequence

Name and taxonomic classification

SI-ID 1078

LMG 8756,ATCC 9043,DSM 2286,NCIMB 11694,NCIB 11694,VKM B-1616,IAM12666,VKM B-1520,CCRC 10599,CECT 4103,NCAIM B.01391,BCRC 10599,IAM 15040,ICMP 15214,KACC 10900,NRRL B-14346,NRRL B-14637,CCUG 53675,JCM 21503,JCM 20725,NBRC 102613

@ref 20215

Last LPSN update 2025-12-16 09:49:55

Domain Pseudomonadati

Phylum Pseudomonadota

Class Gammaproteobacteria

Order Pseudomonadales

Family Pseudomonadaceae

Genus Azotobacter

Species Azotobacter chroococcum

Full scientific name Azotobacter chroococcum Beijerinck 1901 (Approved Lists 1980)

BacDive ID	Other strains from **Azotobacter chroococcum** (15)	Type strain
12728	A. chroococcum 19 a, DSM 281
12729	A. chroococcum 20 a 1, DSM 328
12730	A. chroococcum 3 R, DSM 368
12731	A. chroococcum DSM 369, Rh 57
12732	A. chroococcum J 4, DSM 374
12733	A. chroococcum S18, DSM 379
12734	A. chroococcum 35, DSM 393
12735	A. chroococcum 45, DSM 398
100635	A. chroococcum STI07157(IMET), IMET 7157
100636	A. chroococcum STI07312(IMET), N371,
100637	A. chroococcum STI07457(IMET), 7547, N206, IMET 7457
100638	A. chroococcum STI07154(IMET), IMRU 1259, IMET 7154
100639	A. chroococcum STI07458(IMET), N210, IMET 7458
134708	A. chroococcum Ag, CIP 109871
141590	A. chroococcum CCUG 3357, ATCC 9570

Morphology

Cell morphology

@ref	Gram stain	Confidence
125439	negative	94.4
125438	negative	98.5

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Growth	Medium link	Composition
1019	DIAZOTROPHIC MEDIUM (RBA) (DSMZ Medium 441)		Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: DIAZOTROPHIC MEDIUM (RBA) (DSMZ Medium 441) Composition: Agar 14.881 g/l DL-Malate 1.98413 g/l D-Glucose 1.98413 g/l D-Mannitol 1.98413 g/l Na-pyruvate 0.992063 g/l Disodium succinate 0.992063 g/l K2HPO4 0.892857 g/l KH2PO4 0.0992065 g/l NaCl 0.0992065 g/l CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.0992065 g/l MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.0992065 g/l Yeast extract 0.0496032 g/l FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.00992065 g/l MnSO4 x H2O 0.00496032 g/l NaVO3 x H2O 0.00496032 g/l Nicotinic acid 0.00248016 g/l Pyridoxine hydrochloride 0.00248016 g/l Calcium pantothenate 0.00248016 g/l Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 0.00248016 g/l H3BO3 0.000892857 g/l CoCl2 x 6 H2O 0.000595238 g/l Riboflavin 0.000496032 g/l ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.000297619 g/l MnCl2 x 4 H2O 8.92857e-05 g/l Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 8.92857e-05 g/l NiCl2 x 6 H2O 5.95238e-05 g/l Vitamin B12 4.96032e-05 g/l CuCl2 x 2 H2O 2.97619e-05 g/l Folic acid 9.92063e-06 g/l Biotin 4.96032e-06 g/l Distilled water
1019	R2A MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 830)		Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: R2A MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 830) Composition: Agar 15.0 g/l Casamino acids 0.5 g/l Starch 0.5 g/l Glucose 0.5 g/l Proteose peptone 0.5 g/l Yeast extract 0.5 g/l K2HPO4 0.3 g/l Na-pyruvate 0.3 g/l MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.05 g/l Distilled water

Culture temp

@ref	Growth	Type	Temperature (°C)	Range
1019	positive	growth	30	mesophilic
1019	positive	growth	28
67770	positive	growth	25	mesophilic

Physiology and metabolism

Spore formation

@ref	Spore formation	Confidence
125439		99

Compound production

1019

CompoundL carnitine

Observation

67770

Observationquinones: Q-9

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

@ref	Biosafety level	Biosafety level comment
1019	1	Risk group (German classification) According to TRBA 466

Sequence information

Genome sequences

@ref	Description	Assembly level	INSDC accession	BV-BRC accession	IMG accession	NCBI tax ID	Score
67770	ASM433966v1 assembly for Azotobacter chroococcum DSM 2286	scaffold	GCA_004339665	353.14	2802428852	353	46.49
124043	ASM4268258v1 assembly for Azotobacter chroococcum NCAIM B.01391	contig	GCA_042682585			353	46.25
67770	ASM432790v1 assembly for Azotobacter chroococcum ATCC 9043	scaffold	GCA_004327905	353.12	8002088924	353	43.05
124043	ASM4243484v1 assembly for Azotobacter chroococcum NCAIM B.01391	contig	GCA_042434845			353	24.45
124043	ASM4264708v1 assembly for Azotobacter chroococcum NCAIM B.01391	scaffold	GCA_042647085			353	21.29
124043	ASM4268100v1 assembly for Azotobacter chroococcum NCAIM B.01391	contig	GCA_042681005			353

16S sequences

@ref	Description	Accession	Length	NCBI tax ID
20218	Azotobacter chroococcum small subunit ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence	AF035211	959	353
20218	Azotobacter chroococcum strain ICMP 15214 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence	EF100154	1371	353
20218	UNVERIFIED_ORG: Azotobacter chroococcum 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence	AY353708	1383	353
20218	Azotobacter chroococcum gene for 16S rRNA, partial sequence	AB175653	1430	353
20218	Azotobacter chroococcum strain LMG 8756 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence	EU401906	1501	353
20218	Azotobacter chroococcum gene for 16S rRNA, partial sequence, strain: NBRC 102613	AB681887	1461	353
124043	Azotobacter chroococcum strain NCAIM B.01391 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence.	MT758109	1348	353
124043	Azotobacter chroococcum strain NCAIM B.01391 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence.	MT759963	1348	353

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Predictions from Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 based on: Azotobacter chroococcum ATCC 9043
NCBI: GCA_004327905

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125439	spore_formation	BacteriaNetⓘ	no	99.00	no
125439	motility	BacteriaNetⓘ	yes	87.90	no
125439	gram_stain	BacteriaNetⓘ	negative	94.40	no
125439	oxygen_tolerance	BacteriaNetⓘ	facultative aerobe	70.40	no

Predictions from bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets based on: Azotobacter chroococcum strain ATCC 9043
PATRIC: 353.12

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125438	gram-positive	gram-positiveⓘ	no	98.50	no
125438	anaerobic	anaerobicⓘ	no	95.17	no
125438	spore-forming	spore-formingⓘ	no	85.92	no
125438	aerobic	aerobicⓘ	yes	82.51	no
125438	thermophilic	thermophileⓘ	no	96.80	no
125438	flagellated	motile2+ⓘ	yes	87.69	no

Literature

Topic	Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
Genetics	Comparative genomics and metabolomics reveal phytohormone production, nutrient acquisition, and osmotic stress tolerance in Azotobacter chroococcum W5.	Elakkya M, Gonzalez-Salazar LA, Lopez-Reyes K, Rebelo-Romao I, Sousa A, Godde V, Niehaus K, Thenappan DP, Vilchez JI, Paul S, Licona-Cassani C.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2025.1626016	2025
	Characterization of a novel endo-levanase from Azotobacter chroococcum DSM 2286 and its application for the production of prebiotic fructooligosaccharides	Hovels M, Kosciow K, Deppenmeier U.	Carbohydrate polymers.		2022
Genetics	Identification of Beneficial Microbial Consortia and Bioactive Compounds with Potential as Plant Biostimulants for a Sustainable Agriculture.	Tabacchioni S, Passato S, Ambrosino P, Huang L, Caldara M, Cantale C, Hett J, Del Fiore A, Fiore A, Schluter A, Sczyrba A, Maestri E, Marmiroli N, Neuhoff D, Nesme J, Sorensen SJ, Aprea G, Nobili C, Presenti O, Giovannetti G, Giovannetti C, Pihlanto A, Brunori A, Bevivino A.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms9020426	2021
	Recent Developments and Applications of Microbial Levan, A Versatile Polysaccharide-Based Biopolymer.	Domzal-Kedzia M, Ostrowska M, Lewinska A, Lukaszewicz M.	Molecules	10.3390/molecules28145407	2023
	Expression of the Escherichia coli pfkA gene in Alcaligenes eutrophus and in other gram-negative bacteria.	Steinbuchel A.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.166.1.319-327.1986	1986
	Integrated Action of Rhizobacteria with Aloe vera and Moringa Leaf Extracts Improves Defense Mechanisms in Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Cultivated in Saline Soil.	Bahgat AR, Dahab AA, Elhakem A, Gururani MA, El-Serafy RS.	Plants (Basel)	10.3390/plants12213684	2023
	Nitrogen transfer and cross-feeding between Azotobacter chroococcum and Paracoccus aminovorans promotes pyrene degradation.	Wang X, Teng Y, Wang X, Xu Y, Li R, Sun Y, Dai S, Hu W, Wang H, Li Y, Fang Y, Luo Y.	ISME J	10.1038/s41396-023-01522-w	2023
	Using halotolerant Azotobacter chroococcum W4ii from technosoils to mitigate wheat salt stress.	Binod Kumar S, Kalwasinska A, Swiontek Brzezinska M, Wrobel M.	Open Res Eur	10.12688/openreseurope.15821.4	2023
	Mycorrhizae and Rhizobacteria on Precambrian Rocky Gold Mine Tailings: II. Mine-Adapted Symbionts Alleviate Soil Element Imbalance for a Better Nutritional Status of White Spruce Seedlings.	Nadeau MB, Laur J, Khasa DP.	Front Plant Sci	10.3389/fpls.2018.01268	2018
	Mycorrhizae and Rhizobacteria on Precambrian Rocky Gold Mine Tailings: I. Mine-Adapted Symbionts Promote White Spruce Health and Growth.	Nadeau MB, Laur J, Khasa DP.	Front Plant Sci	10.3389/fpls.2018.01267	2018
	Destruction of Cell Topography, Morphology, Membrane, Inhibition of Respiration, Biofilm Formation, and Bioactive Molecule Production by Nanoparticles of Ag, ZnO, CuO, TiO₂, and Al₂O₃ toward Beneficial Soil Bacteria.	Ahmed B, Ameen F, Rizvi A, Ali K, Sonbol H, Zaidi A, Khan MS, Musarrat J.	ACS Omega	10.1021/acsomega.9b04084	2020
Genetics	Azotobacter Genomes: The Genome of Azotobacter chroococcum NCIMB 8003 (ATCC 4412).	Robson RL, Jones R, Robson RM, Schwartz A, Richardson TH.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0127997	2015
	Sodium-Dependent Growth of Azotobacter chroococcum.	Page WJ.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.51.3.510-514.1986	1986
	Sodium-Dependent Azotobacter chroococcum Strains Are Aeroadaptive, Microaerophilic, Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria.	Page WJ, Jackson L, Shivprasad S.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.54.8.2123-2128.1988	1988
Phylogeny	Physiological diversity of the rhizosphere diazotroph assemblages of selected salt marsh grasses.	Bagwell CE, Piceno YM, Ashburne-Lucas A, Lovell CR.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.64.11.4276-4282.1998	1998
	Homologous structural genes and similar induction patterns in Azotobacter spp. and Pseudomonas spp.	Durham DR, Ornston LN.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.143.2.834-840.1980	1980
	Root hair deformation, bacterial attachment, and plant growth in wheat-azospirillum associations.	Jain DK, Patriquin DG.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.48.6.1208-1213.1984	1984
	Effects of salinity on acetylene reduction (nitrogen fixation) and respiration in a marine azotobacter.	Dicker HJ, Smith DW.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.42.4.740-744.1981	1981
	Design and testing of a functional group-specific DNA probe for the study of natural populations of acetogenic bacteria.	Lovell CR, Hui Y.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.57.9.2602-2609.1991	1991
	Effect of zytron and its degradation products on soil microorganisms.	Fields ML, Hemphill DD.	Appl Microbiol	10.1128/am.14.5.724-731.1966	1966
Metabolism	Degradation of uric acid by certain aerobic bacteria.	Rouf MA, Lomprey RF.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.96.3.617-622.1968	1968
	Non-native PGPB consortium consisting of Pseudomonas sp. G31 and Azotobacter sp. PBC2 promoted winter wheat growth and slightly altered the native bacterial community.	Dobrzynski J, Kulkova I, Jakubowska Z, Wrobel B.	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-025-86820-3	2025
Phylogeny	Defining the Pseudomonas genus: where do we draw the line with Azotobacter?	Ozen AI, Ussery DW.	Microb Ecol	10.1007/s00248-011-9914-8	2012
	Development and testing of a DNA macroarray to assess nitrogenase (nifH) gene diversity.	Steward GF, Jenkins BD, Ward BB, Zehr JP.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.70.3.1455-1465.2004	2004
	Fingerprinting diazotroph communities in the Chesapeake Bay by using a DNA macroarray.	Jenkins BD, Steward GF, Short SM, Ward BB, Zehr JP.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.70.3.1767-1776.2004	2004
Metabolism	Characterization of a novel endo-levanase from Azotobacter chroococcum DSM 2286 and its application for the production of prebiotic fructooligosaccharides.	Hovels M, Kosciow K, Deppenmeier U	Carbohydr Polym	10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117384	2020
Metabolism	Effects of Mn2+ and Mg2+ on assimilation of NO3- and NH4+ by soil microorganisms.	McCarty GW, Bremner JM	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A	10.1073/pnas.90.20.9403	1993
Enzymology	Detection of alternative nitrogenases in aerobic gram-negative nitrogen-fixing bacteria.	Fallik E, Chan YK, Robson RL	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.173.1.365-371.1991	1991
Phylogeny	Description of Azotobacter chroococcum subsp. isscasi subsp. nov. isolated from paddy soil and establishment of Azotobacter chroococcum subsp. chroococcum subsp. nov.	Jin H, Wang H, Zhang Y, Hu T, Lin Z, Liu B, Ma J, Wang X, Liu Q, Lin X, Xie Z	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijsem.0.004026	2020
Phylogeny	Azotobacter bryophylli sp. nov., isolated from the succulent plant Bryophyllum pinnatum.	Liu L, Yuan T, An Q, Yang M, Mao X, Mo C, Tan Z, Peng G	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijsem.0.003412	2019

References

#1019	Leibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH ; Curators of the DSMZ; DSM 2286
#20215	Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. IJSEM ( DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 )
#20218	Verslyppe, B., De Smet, W., De Baets, B., De Vos, P., Dawyndt P.: StrainInfo introduces electronic passports for microorganisms.. Syst Appl Microbiol. 37: 42 - 50 2014 ( DOI 10.1016/j.syapm.2013.11.002 , PubMed 24321274 )
#67770	Japan Collection of Microorganism (JCM) ; Curators of the JCM;
#124043	Isabel Schober, Julia Koblitz: Data extracted from sequence databases, automatically matched based on designation and taxonomy .
#125438	Julia Koblitz, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Rüdiger Pukall, Jörg Overmann: Predicting bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets. 2024 ( DOI 10.1101/2024.08.12.607695 )
#125439	Philipp Münch, René Mreches, Martin Binder, Hüseyin Anil Gündüz, Xiao-Yin To, Alice McHardy: deepG: Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 .
#126262	A. Lissin, I. Schober, J. F. Witte, H. Lüken, A. Podstawka, J. Koblitz, B. Bunk, P. Dawyndt, P. Vandamme, P. de Vos, J. Overmann, L. C. Reimer: StrainInfo—the central database for linked microbial strain identifiers. ( DOI 10.1093/database/baaf059 )

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Azotobacter chroococcum (DSM 2286, ATCC 9043, VKM B-1616)

Name and taxonomic classification

Morphology

Cell morphology

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

Culture temp

Physiology and metabolism

Spore formation

Compound production

Observation

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

Sequence information

Genome sequences

Genome browser: GCA_004339665

16S sequences

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Literature

Literature

References

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