Halalkalibacter krulwichiae (DSM 18225, IAM 15000, JCM 11691)

Name: Halalkalibacter krulwichiae (DSM 18225, IAM 15000, JCM 11691)
Creator: BacDive
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

BacDive ID 1252

Type strain

Strain Designation AM31D

Culture col. no. DSM 18225 IAM 15000 JCM 11691 NCIMB 13904 AM31D 2 more

NCBI tax ID(s) 1220588 199441

Special Collections DSMZ JCM CIP

History <- NCIMB I. Yumoto AM31D. CIP <- 2003, JCM <- 2002, I. Yumoto: strain AM31D

Links

Halalkalibacter krulwichiae AM31D is a facultative anaerobe, Gram-positive, motile bacterium that was isolated from soil.

Gram-positive motile rod-shaped facultative anaerobe genome sequence 16S sequence Bacteria

Name and taxonomic classification

SI-ID 127980

IAM 15000,JCM 11691,NCIMB 13904,CIP 108137,KCTC 3905,DSM 18225,NBRC 102362,LMG 24729

@ref 20215

Last LPSN update 2026-02-09 11:18:04

Domain Bacteria

Phylum Bacillota

Class Bacilli

Order Caryophanales

Family Bacillaceae

Genus Halalkalibacter

Species Halalkalibacter krulwichiae

Full scientific name Halalkalibacter krulwichiae (Yumoto et al. 2003) Joshi et al. 2022

Synonyms (2)

Bacillus krulwichiae
Alkalihalobacillus krulwichiae

Morphology

Cell morphology

@ref	Gram stain	Cell shape	Motility	Confidence
120507	positive	rod-shaped
125439				90.4

Colony morphology

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Medium link	Composition
7441	ALKALINE NUTRIENT AGAR (DSMZ Medium 31)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: ALKALINE NUTRIENT AGAR (DSMZ Medium 31) Composition: Agar 15.0 g/l Na2CO3 anhydrous 5.3 g/l Peptone 5.0 g/l NaHCO3 4.2 g/l Meat extract 3.0 g/l Distilled water
32895	MEDIUM 291 - for Bacillus horti		Distilled water make up to (900.000 ml);Magnesium sulphate heptahydrate (0.200 g);Agar (15.000 g);Glucose (10.000 g);Yeast extract (5.000 g);Potassium di-hydrogen phosphate (1.000 g);Polypeptone (5.000 g);Sodium carbonate solution - M00442 (100.000 ml)
120507	CIP Medium 291	Medium recipe at CIP

Culture temp

@ref	Growth	Type	Temperature (°C)
7441	positive	growth	30
32895	positive	growth	30
67770	positive	growth	27
120507	positive	growth	22-45
120507	negative	growth	10
120507	negative	growth	55

Culture pH

@ref	Ability	Type	PH
120507		growth	6

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

120507

Oxygen tolerancefacultative anaerobe

Spore formation

@ref	Spore formation	Confidence
125439		95

Halophily

@ref	Salt	Tested relation	Concentration
120507	NaCl	growth	0 %
120507	NaCl	growth	2 %
120507	NaCl	growth	4 %
120507	NaCl	growth	6 %
120507	NaCl	growth	8 %
120507	NaCl	growth	10 %

Observation

67770

Observationquinones: MK-7, MK-6, MK-5

Metabolite utilization

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Utilization activity	Kind of utilization tested
120507	16947 ChEBI	citrate	-	carbon source
120507	4853 ChEBI	esculin	-	hydrolysis
120507	606565 ChEBI	hippurate	-	hydrolysis
120507	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	+	reduction
120507	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	-	respiration
120507	16301 ChEBI	nitrite	-	reduction

Metabolite production

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Production
120507	35581 ChEBI	indole

Metabolite tests

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Voges-proskauer-test	Methylred-test
120507	15688 ChEBI	acetoin	-
120507	17234 ChEBI	glucose		-

Enzymes

@ref	Value	Activity	Ec
68382	acid phosphatase	-	3.1.3.2	from API zym
120507	alcohol dehydrogenase	-	1.1.1.1
68382	alkaline phosphatase	-	3.1.3.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-chymotrypsin	-	3.4.21.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-fucosidase	-	3.2.1.51	from API zym
68382	alpha-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.22	from API zym
68382	alpha-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.20	from API zym
68382	alpha-mannosidase	-	3.2.1.24	from API zym
120507	amylase	-
68382	beta-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.23	from API zym
120507	beta-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.23
68382	beta-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.21	from API zym
68382	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API zym
120507	caseinase	-	3.4.21.50
120507	catalase	+	1.11.1.6
68382	cystine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.3	from API zym
120507	DNase	-
68382	esterase (C 4)	+		from API zym
68382	esterase lipase (C 8)	-		from API zym
120507	gamma-glutamyltransferase	+	2.3.2.2
120507	gelatinase	-
120507	lecithinase	-
68382	leucine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.1	from API zym
120507	lipase	-
68382	lipase (C 14)	-		from API zym
120507	lysine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.18
68382	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	-	3.2.1.52	from API zym
68382	naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	-		from API zym
120507	ornithine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.17
120507	oxidase	-
68382	trypsin	-	3.4.21.4	from API zym
120507	tween esterase	-
120507	urease	-	3.5.1.5
68382	valine arylamidase	-		from API zym

Pathway annotation

Computationally determined by

@ref	pathway	enzyme coverage	annotated reactions
66794	phenylacetate degradation (aerobic)	100	5 of 5
66794	ppGpp biosynthesis	100	4 of 4
66794	ceramide biosynthesis	100	1 of 1
66794	suberin monomers biosynthesis	100	2 of 2
66794	ribulose monophosphate pathway	100	2 of 2
66794	UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis	100	3 of 3
66794	CDP-diacylglycerol biosynthesis	100	2 of 2
66794	sulfopterin metabolism	100	4 of 4
66794	coenzyme A metabolism	100	4 of 4
66794	adipate degradation	100	2 of 2
66794	formaldehyde oxidation	100	3 of 3
66794	pentose phosphate pathway	100	11 of 11
66794	methylglyoxal degradation	100	5 of 5
66794	molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis	100	9 of 9
66794	aspartate and asparagine metabolism	100	9 of 9
66794	tetrahydrofolate metabolism	100	14 of 14
66794	ethanol fermentation	100	2 of 2
66794	folate polyglutamylation	100	1 of 1
66794	L-lactaldehyde degradation	100	3 of 3
66794	anapleurotic synthesis of oxalacetate	100	1 of 1
66794	propionate fermentation	100	10 of 10
66794	gluconeogenesis	100	8 of 8
66794	palmitate biosynthesis	95.45	21 of 22
66794	leucine metabolism	92.31	12 of 13
66794	vitamin B1 metabolism	92.31	12 of 13
66794	threonine metabolism	90	9 of 10
66794	chorismate metabolism	88.89	8 of 9
66794	allantoin degradation	88.89	8 of 9
66794	C4 and CAM-carbon fixation	87.5	7 of 8
66794	isoleucine metabolism	87.5	7 of 8
66794	glutathione metabolism	85.71	12 of 14
66794	photosynthesis	85.71	12 of 14
66794	propanol degradation	85.71	6 of 7
66794	reductive acetyl coenzyme A pathway	85.71	6 of 7
66794	ubiquinone biosynthesis	85.71	6 of 7
66794	vitamin B12 metabolism	85.29	29 of 34
66794	methionine metabolism	84.62	22 of 26
66794	purine metabolism	84.04	79 of 94
66794	NAD metabolism	83.33	15 of 18
66794	1,4-dihydroxy-6-naphthoate biosynthesis	83.33	5 of 6
66794	alanine metabolism	82.76	24 of 29
66794	pyrimidine metabolism	82.22	37 of 45
66794	glutamate and glutamine metabolism	82.14	23 of 28
66794	degradation of sugar alcohols	81.25	13 of 16
66794	peptidoglycan biosynthesis	80	12 of 15
66794	glycogen metabolism	80	4 of 5
66794	phenol degradation	80	16 of 20
66794	cellulose degradation	80	4 of 5
66794	Entner Doudoroff pathway	80	8 of 10
66794	heme metabolism	78.57	11 of 14
66794	citric acid cycle	78.57	11 of 14
66794	valine metabolism	77.78	7 of 9
66794	serine metabolism	77.78	7 of 9
66794	CO2 fixation in Crenarchaeota	77.78	7 of 9
66794	4-hydroxymandelate degradation	77.78	7 of 9
66794	sulfate reduction	76.92	10 of 13
66794	phenylalanine metabolism	76.92	10 of 13
66794	6-hydroxymethyl-dihydropterin diphosphate biosynthesis	75	6 of 8
66794	CMP-KDO biosynthesis	75	3 of 4
66794	glycogen biosynthesis	75	3 of 4
66794	acetate fermentation	75	3 of 4
66794	biotin biosynthesis	75	3 of 4
66794	butanoate fermentation	75	3 of 4
66794	ketogluconate metabolism	75	6 of 8
66794	flavin biosynthesis	73.33	11 of 15
66794	proline metabolism	72.73	8 of 11
66794	cardiolipin biosynthesis	71.43	5 of 7
66794	tryptophan metabolism	71.05	27 of 38
66794	non-pathway related	71.05	27 of 38
66794	glycolysis	70.59	12 of 17
66794	starch degradation	70	7 of 10
66794	histidine metabolism	68.97	20 of 29
66794	degradation of sugar acids	68	17 of 25
66794	nitrate assimilation	66.67	6 of 9
66794	enterobactin biosynthesis	66.67	2 of 3
66794	octane oxidation	66.67	2 of 3
66794	degradation of aromatic, nitrogen containing compounds	66.67	8 of 12
66794	glycolate and glyoxylate degradation	66.67	4 of 6
66794	acetoin degradation	66.67	2 of 3
66794	acetyl CoA biosynthesis	66.67	2 of 3
66794	cyanate degradation	66.67	2 of 3
66794	d-mannose degradation	66.67	6 of 9
66794	oxidative phosphorylation	65.93	60 of 91
66794	isoprenoid biosynthesis	65.38	17 of 26
66794	d-xylose degradation	63.64	7 of 11
66794	androgen and estrogen metabolism	62.5	10 of 16
66794	arginine metabolism	62.5	15 of 24
66794	phosphatidylethanolamine bioynthesis	61.54	8 of 13
66794	urea cycle	61.54	8 of 13
66794	lipid metabolism	61.29	19 of 31
66794	polyamine pathway	60.87	14 of 23
66794	3-phenylpropionate degradation	60	9 of 15
66794	factor 420 biosynthesis	60	3 of 5
66794	vitamin K metabolism	60	3 of 5
66794	metabolism of amino sugars and derivatives	60	3 of 5
66794	3-chlorocatechol degradation	60	3 of 5
66794	gallate degradation	60	3 of 5
66794	lysine metabolism	57.14	24 of 42
66794	degradation of pentoses	57.14	16 of 28
66794	cysteine metabolism	55.56	10 of 18
66794	cyclohexanol degradation	50	2 of 4
66794	lactate fermentation	50	2 of 4
66794	glycine metabolism	50	5 of 10
66794	selenocysteine biosynthesis	50	3 of 6
66794	aminopropanol phosphate biosynthesis	50	1 of 2
66794	quinate degradation	50	1 of 2
66794	cis-vaccenate biosynthesis	50	1 of 2
66794	phenylpropanoid biosynthesis	46.15	6 of 13
66794	vitamin B6 metabolism	45.45	5 of 11
66794	degradation of hexoses	44.44	8 of 18
66794	benzoyl-CoA degradation	42.86	3 of 7
66794	lipoate biosynthesis	40	2 of 5
66794	creatinine degradation	40	2 of 5
66794	4-hydroxyphenylacetate degradation	40	4 of 10
66794	myo-inositol biosynthesis	40	4 of 10
66794	coenzyme M biosynthesis	40	4 of 10
66794	dTDPLrhamnose biosynthesis	37.5	3 of 8
66794	metabolism of disaccharids	36.36	4 of 11
66794	tyrosine metabolism	35.71	5 of 14
66794	bile acid biosynthesis, neutral pathway	35.29	6 of 17
66794	chlorophyll metabolism	33.33	6 of 18
66794	(5R)-carbapenem carboxylate biosynthesis	33.33	1 of 3
66794	pantothenate biosynthesis	33.33	2 of 6
66794	IAA biosynthesis	33.33	1 of 3
66794	lipid A biosynthesis	33.33	3 of 9
66794	sulfoquinovose degradation	33.33	1 of 3
66794	ascorbate metabolism	31.82	7 of 22
66794	arachidonic acid metabolism	27.78	5 of 18
66794	dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide biosynthesis	27.27	3 of 11
66794	toluene degradation	25	1 of 4
66794	vitamin E metabolism	25	1 of 4

API zym

@ref	Control	Alkaline phosphatase	Esterase (C 4)	2-naphtyl caprylateEsterase Lipase (C 8)	Lipase (C 14)	L-leucyl-2-naphthylamideLeucine arylamidase	L-valyl-2-naphthylamideValine arylamidase	L-cystyl-2-naphthylamideCystine arylamidase	Trypsin	alpha- Chymotrypsin	Acid phosphatase	Naphthol-AS-BI-phosphateNaphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	alpha- Galactosidase	beta- Galactosidase	beta- Glucuronidase	alpha- Glucosidase	beta- Glucosidase	N-acetyl-beta- glucosaminidase	alpha- Mannosidase	alpha- Fucosidase
120507	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

Cat1	Cat2	Cat3
#Environmental	#Terrestrial	#Soil

Isolation

@ref	Sample type	Geographic location	Country	Country ISO 3 Code	Continent
7441	soil	Ibaraki, Tsukuba	Japan	JPN	Asia
67770	Soil sample obtained from Tsukuba	Ibaraki Pref.	Japan	JPN	Asia
120507	Environment, Soil	Tsukuba, Ibaraki	Japan	JPN	Asia

Taxonmaps

69479

Global distribution of 16S sequence AB681754 (>99% sequence identity) for Alkalihalobacillus krulwichiae from Microbeatlas

Aquatic Samples	14
Soil Samples	34
Animal Samples	40
Plant Samples	9
Total Samples	97

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

@ref	Biosafety level	Biosafety level comment
7441	1	Risk group (German classification) According to TRBA 466
120507	1	Risk group (French classification) According to TRBA 466

Sequence information

Genome sequences

@ref	Description	Assembly level	INSDC accession	BV-BRC accession	IMG accession	NCBI tax ID	Score
66792	ASM210938v1 assembly for Halalkalibacter krulwichiae AM31D	complete	GCA_002109385	199441.3	2773857802	199441	93.92
67770	ASM159194v1 assembly for Halalkalibacter krulwichiae NBRC 102362	contig	GCA_001591945	1220588.3	2731957674	1220588	66.61

16S sequences

@ref	Description	Accession	Length	Database	NCBI tax ID
7441	Bacillus krulwichiae gene for 16S rRNA, partial sequence	AB086897	1507		199441
67770	Bacillus krulwichiae gene for 16S rRNA, partial sequence, strain: NBRC 102362	AB681754	1412		199441

GC content

@ref	GC-content (mol%)	Method
7441	41.5
67770	41.5	high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Predictions from Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 based on: Bacillus krulwichiae NBRC 102362
IMG: 2773857802

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125439	oxygen_tolerance	BacteriaNetⓘ	facultative anaerobe	86.90	no
125439	gram_stain	BacteriaNetⓘ	variable	71.30	no
125439	motility	BacteriaNetⓘ	yes	90.40	no
125439	spore_formation	BacteriaNetⓘ	yes	95.00	no

Literature

Topic	Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
Enzymology	Molecular and biochemical characteristics of inulosucrase InuBK from Alkalihalobacillus krulwichiae JCM 11691.	Yokoi KJ, Tsutsui S, Arakawa GY, Takaba M, Fujii K, Kaneko S	Biosci Biotechnol Biochem	10.1093/bbb/zbab094	2021
Metabolism	A Pathway for Isethionate Dissimilation in Bacillus krulwichiae.	Tong Y, Wei Y, Hu Y, Ang EL, Zhao H, Zhang Y	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/AEM.00793-19	2019
	Alkalihalobacterium elongatum gen. nov. sp. nov.: An Antibiotic-Producing Bacterium Isolated From Lonar Lake and Reclassification of the Genus Alkalihalobacillus Into Seven Novel Genera.	Joshi A, Thite S, Karodi P, Joseph N, Lodha T.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2021.722369	2021
Phylogeny	Bacillus alkalisediminis sp. nov., an alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from sediment of extremely shallow soda ponds.	Borsodi AK, Pollak B, Keki Z, Rusznyak A, Kovacs AL, Sproer C, Schumann P, Marialigeti K, Toth EM	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.019489-0	2010
Phylogeny	Bacillus krulwichiae sp. nov., a halotolerant obligate alkaliphile that utilizes benzoate and m-hydroxybenzoate.	Yumoto I, Yamaga S, Sogabe Y, Nodasaka Y, Matsuyama H, Nakajima K, Suemori A	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.02596-0	2003

References

#7441	Leibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH ; Curators of the DSMZ; DSM 18225
#20215	Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. IJSEM ( DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 )
#32895	; Curators of the CIP;
#66792	Julia Koblitz, Joaquim Sardà, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Boyke Bunk, Jörg Overmann: Automatically annotated for the DiASPora project (Digital Approaches for the Synthesis of Poorly Accessible Biodiversity Information) .
#66794	Antje Chang, Lisa Jeske, Sandra Ulbrich, Julia Hofmann, Julia Koblitz, Ida Schomburg, Meina Neumann-Schaal, Dieter Jahn, Dietmar Schomburg: BRENDA, the ELIXIR core data resource in 2021: new developments and updates. Nucleic Acids Res. 49: D498 - D508 2020 ( DOI 10.1093/nar/gkaa1025 , PubMed 33211880 )
#67770	Japan Collection of Microorganism (JCM) ; Curators of the JCM;
#68382	Automatically annotated from API zym .
#69479	João F Matias Rodrigues, Janko Tackmann,Gregor Rot, Thomas SB Schmidt, Lukas Malfertheiner, Mihai Danaila,Marija Dmitrijeva, Daniela Gaio, Nicolas Näpflin and Christian von Mering. University of Zurich.: MicrobeAtlas 1.0 beta .
#120507	Collection of Institut Pasteur ; Curators of the CIP; CIP 108137
#125439	Philipp Münch, René Mreches, Martin Binder, Hüseyin Anil Gündüz, Xiao-Yin To, Alice McHardy: deepG: Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 .
#126262	A. Lissin, I. Schober, J. F. Witte, H. Lüken, A. Podstawka, J. Koblitz, B. Bunk, P. Dawyndt, P. Vandamme, P. de Vos, J. Overmann, L. C. Reimer: StrainInfo—the central database for linked microbial strain identifiers. ( DOI 10.1093/database/baaf059 )

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Halalkalibacter krulwichiae (DSM 18225, IAM 15000, JCM 11691)

Name and taxonomic classification

Morphology

Cell morphology

Colony morphology

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

Culture temp

Culture pH

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

Spore formation

Halophily

Observation

Metabolite utilization

Metabolite production

Metabolite tests

Enzymes

Pathway annotation

API zym

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

Isolation

Taxonmaps

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

Sequence information

Genome sequences

Genome browser: GCA_002109385

16S sequences

GC content

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Literature

Literature

References

BacDive

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