Actinobacillus suis (DSM 22433, ATCC 33415, CCM 5586)

Name: Actinobacillus suis (DSM 22433, ATCC 33415, CCM 5586)
Creator: BacDive
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

BacDive ID 11682

Type strain

Strain Designation 1276/61

Culture col. no. DSM 22433 ATCC 33415 CCM 5586 CCUG 11624 CIP 103354 2 more

NCBI tax ID(s) 743972 716

Special Collections DSMZ CCUG CIP

History <- CCUG; CCUG 11624 <- W. Frederiksen, SSIC; <- C. A. van Dorssen; CIP <- 1989, CCM <- O. Mràz, Actinobacillus equuli <- C.A. van Dorssen: strain 1276/61

Links

Actinobacillus suis 1276/61 is a microaerophile, Gram-negative, rod-shaped human pathogen that was isolated from porcine septicaemia.

Gram-negative rod-shaped microaerophile human pathogen genome sequence 16S sequence Bacteria

Name and taxonomic classification

SI-ID 126053

ATCC 33415,CCM 5586,ATCC 49261,CCUG 11624,CIP 103354,NCTC 12996,DSM 22433

@ref 20215

Last LPSN update 2026-02-09 11:20:37

Domain Bacteria

Phylum Pseudomonadota

Class Gammaproteobacteria

Order Pasteurellales

Family Pasteurellaceae

Genus Actinobacillus

Species Actinobacillus suis

Full scientific name Actinobacillus suis van Dorssen and Jaartsveld 1962 (Approved Lists 1980)

BacDive ID	Other strains from **Actinobacillus suis** (10)	Type strain
11681	A. suis 1208, DSM 19774, ATCC 15557, JCM 2433, GTC ...
134801	A. suis 24576, CIP 66.28
135663	A. suis 443, CIP 69.36
137502	A. suis 443, CIP 67.9
139148	A. suis CIP 101371
139346	A. suis PG97-2(2), 9642367, CIP 105099
144139	A. suis CCUG 23136
144397	A. suis CCUG 24856, MCCM 00183
152808	A. suis CCUG 47662
152809	A. suis CCUG 47663

Morphology

Cell morphology

@ref	Gram stain	Cell shape	Motility	Confidence
123375	negative	rod-shaped
125438	negative			97

Colony morphology

@ref	Type of hemolysis	Hemolysis ability
16330	alpha/beta	1
123375		1

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

@ref	Name	Medium link	Composition
16330	COLUMBIA BLOOD MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 693)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: COLUMBIA BLOOD MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 693) Composition: Defibrinated sheep blood 50.0 g/l Columbia agar base
40618	MEDIUM 4 - Columbia agar with 20 % sterile defibrinated horse serum		Horse serum (200.000 ml);Columbia agar (39.000 g);Distilled water make up to (1000.000 ml)
123375	CIP Medium 4	Medium recipe at CIP
16330	TRYPTICASE SOY YEAST EXTRACT MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 92)	Medium recipe at MediaDive	Name: TRYPTICASE SOY YEAST EXTRACT MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 92) Composition: Trypticase soy broth 30.0 g/l Agar 15.0 g/l Yeast extract 3.0 g/l Distilled water

Culture temp

@ref	Growth	Type	Temperature (°C)
16330	positive	growth	37
40618	positive	growth	37
45577	positive	growth	37

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

@ref	Oxygen tolerance	Confidence
45577	microaerophile
123375	obligate aerobe
125439	microaerophile	96

Spore formation

@ref	Spore formation	Confidence
125439		98.3

Metabolite utilization

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Utilization activity	Kind of utilization tested
68371	27613 ChEBI	amygdalin	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68368	27613 ChEBI	amygdalin	-	fermentation	from API 20E
68371	18305 ChEBI	arbutin	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68374	29016 ChEBI	arginine	-	hydrolysis	from API ID32E
68368	29016 ChEBI	arginine	-	hydrolysis	from API 20E
68374	17057 ChEBI	cellobiose	-	builds acid from	from API ID32E
68371	17057 ChEBI	cellobiose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68368	16947 ChEBI	citrate	-	assimilation	from API 20E
68371	17108 ChEBI	D-arabinose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68374	18333 ChEBI	D-arabitol	-	builds acid from	from API ID32E
68371	18333 ChEBI	D-arabitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68377	15824 ChEBI	D-fructose	+	builds acid from	from API NH
68371	15824 ChEBI	D-fructose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28847 ChEBI	D-fucose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	12936 ChEBI	D-galactose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68374	18024 ChEBI	D-galacturonic acid	-	builds acid from	from API ID32E
68377	17634 ChEBI	D-glucose	+	builds acid from	from API NH
68374	17634 ChEBI	D-glucose	-	builds acid from	from API ID32E
68371	17634 ChEBI	D-glucose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68368	17634 ChEBI	D-glucose	-	fermentation	from API 20E
68371	62318 ChEBI	D-lyxose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68374	16899 ChEBI	D-mannitol	-	builds acid from	from API ID32E
68371	16899 ChEBI	D-mannitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68368	16899 ChEBI	D-mannitol	-	fermentation	from API 20E
68371	16024 ChEBI	D-mannose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16988 ChEBI	D-ribose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17924 ChEBI	D-sorbitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16443 ChEBI	D-tagatose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	65327 ChEBI	D-xylose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17113 ChEBI	erythritol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
123375	4853 ChEBI	esculin	+	hydrolysis
68371	4853 ChEBI	esculin	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16813 ChEBI	galactitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68368	5291 ChEBI	gelatin	-	hydrolysis	from API 20E
68371	28066 ChEBI	gentiobiose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17754 ChEBI	glycerol	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28087 ChEBI	glycogen	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	15443 ChEBI	inulin	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68374	30849 ChEBI	L-arabinose	-	builds acid from	from API ID32E
68371	30849 ChEBI	L-arabinose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68368	30849 ChEBI	L-arabinose	-	fermentation	from API 20E
68374	18403 ChEBI	L-arabitol	-	builds acid from	from API ID32E
68371	18403 ChEBI	L-arabitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	18287 ChEBI	L-fucose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	62345 ChEBI	L-rhamnose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68374	62345 ChEBI	L-rhamnose	-	builds acid from	from API ID32E
68368	62345 ChEBI	L-rhamnose	-	fermentation	from API 20E
68371	17266 ChEBI	L-sorbose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	65328 ChEBI	L-xylose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17716 ChEBI	lactose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68374	25094 ChEBI	lysine	-	degradation	from API ID32E
68368	25094 ChEBI	lysine	-	degradation	from API 20E
68374	15792 ChEBI	malonate	-	assimilation	from API ID32E
68374	17306 ChEBI	maltose	-	builds acid from	from API ID32E
68371	17306 ChEBI	maltose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68377	17306 ChEBI	maltose	+	builds acid from	from API NH
68371	6731 ChEBI	melezitose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	28053 ChEBI	melibiose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68368	28053 ChEBI	melibiose	-	fermentation	from API 20E
68371	320061 ChEBI	methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	43943 ChEBI	methyl alpha-D-mannoside	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	74863 ChEBI	methyl beta-D-xylopyranoside	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68374	17268 ChEBI	myo-inositol	-	builds acid from	from API ID32E
68371	17268 ChEBI	myo-inositol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68368	17268 ChEBI	myo-inositol	-	fermentation	from API 20E
68371	59640 ChEBI	N-acetylglucosamine	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
123375	17632 ChEBI	nitrate	+	reduction
123375	16301 ChEBI	nitrite	+	reduction
68374	18257 ChEBI	ornithine	-	degradation	from API ID32E
68368	18257 ChEBI	ornithine	-	degradation	from API 20E
68374	18394 ChEBI	palatinose	+	builds acid from	from API ID32E
68371		Potassium 2-ketogluconate	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68374		Potassium 5-ketogluconate	-	builds acid from	from API ID32E
68371		Potassium 5-ketogluconate	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	16634 ChEBI	raffinose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68374	15963 ChEBI	ribitol	-	builds acid from	from API ID32E
68371	15963 ChEBI	ribitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68371	17814 ChEBI	salicin	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68374	30911 ChEBI	sorbitol	-	builds acid from	from API ID32E
68368	30911 ChEBI	sorbitol	-	fermentation	from API 20E
68371	28017 ChEBI	starch	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68374	17992 ChEBI	sucrose	-	builds acid from	from API ID32E
68371	17992 ChEBI	sucrose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68368	17992 ChEBI	sucrose	-	fermentation	from API 20E
68374	27082 ChEBI	trehalose	-	builds acid from	from API ID32E
68371	27082 ChEBI	trehalose	+	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68374	27897 ChEBI	tryptophan	-	energy source	from API ID32E
68377	27897 ChEBI	tryptophan	-	energy source	from API NH
68368	27897 ChEBI	tryptophan	-	energy source	from API 20E
68371	32528 ChEBI	turanose	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid
68374	16199 ChEBI	urea	+	hydrolysis	from API ID32E
68377	16199 ChEBI	urea	+	hydrolysis	from API NH
68368	16199 ChEBI	urea	+	hydrolysis	from API 20E
68371	17151 ChEBI	xylitol	-	builds acid from	from API 50CH acid

Metabolite production

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite
68368	15688 ChEBI	acetoin	from API 20E
68368	16136 ChEBI	hydrogen sulfide	from API 20E
68377	35581 ChEBI	indole	from API NH
68374	35581 ChEBI	indole	from API ID32E
123375	35581 ChEBI	indole
68368	35581 ChEBI	indole	from API 20E

Metabolite tests

@ref	Chebi-ID	Metabolite	Voges-proskauer-test	Indole test
68368	15688 ChEBI	acetoin	-		from API 20E
68377	35581 ChEBI	indole		-	from API NH
68374	35581 ChEBI	indole		-	from API ID32E
68368	35581 ChEBI	indole		-	from API 20E

Enzymes

@ref	Value	Activity	Ec
68382	acid phosphatase	+	3.1.3.2	from API zym
123375	alcohol dehydrogenase	-	1.1.1.1
68382	alkaline phosphatase	+	3.1.3.1	from API zym
68377	alkaline phosphatase	+	3.1.3.1	from API NH
68382	alpha-chymotrypsin	-	3.4.21.1	from API zym
68382	alpha-fucosidase	-	3.2.1.51	from API zym
68382	alpha-galactosidase	-	3.2.1.22	from API zym
68374	alpha-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.22	from API ID32E
68382	alpha-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.20	from API zym
68374	alpha-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.20	from API ID32E
68374	alpha-maltosidase	-		from API ID32E
68382	alpha-mannosidase	-	3.2.1.24	from API zym
68374	arginine dihydrolase	-	3.5.3.6	from API ID32E
68368	arginine dihydrolase	-	3.5.3.6	from API 20E
68382	beta-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.23	from API zym
68374	beta-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.23	from API ID32E
68368	beta-galactosidase	+	3.2.1.23	from API 20E
68382	beta-glucosidase	-	3.2.1.21	from API zym
68374	beta-glucosidase	+	3.2.1.21	from API ID32E
68374	beta-glucuronidase	-	3.2.1.31	from API ID32E
68382	beta-glucuronidase	+	3.2.1.31	from API zym
16330	catalase	+	1.11.1.6
123375	catalase	+	1.11.1.6
68382	cystine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.3	from API zym
68368	cytochrome oxidase	-	1.9.3.1	from API 20E
16330	cytochrome-c oxidase	+	1.9.3.1
68382	esterase (C 4)	+		from API zym
68382	esterase lipase (C 8)	+		from API zym
68368	gelatinase	-		from API 20E
68374	L-aspartate arylamidase	+	3.4.11.21	from API ID32E
68382	leucine arylamidase	-	3.4.11.1	from API zym
68377	lipase	+		from API NH
68374	lipase	+		from API ID32E
68382	lipase (C 14)	-		from API zym
123375	lysine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.18
68374	lysine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.18	from API ID32E
68368	lysine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.18	from API 20E
68382	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	-	3.2.1.52	from API zym
68374	N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase	-	3.2.1.52	from API ID32E
68382	naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	+		from API zym
123375	ornithine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.17
68374	ornithine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.17	from API ID32E
68368	ornithine decarboxylase	-	4.1.1.17	from API 20E
123375	oxidase	-
68382	trypsin	-	3.4.21.4	from API zym
68377	tryptophan deaminase	-	4.1.99.1	from API NH
68368	tryptophan deaminase	-	4.1.99.1	from API 20E
123375	urease	+	3.5.1.5
68377	urease	+	3.5.1.5	from API NH
68374	urease	+	3.5.1.5	from API ID32E
68368	urease	+	3.5.1.5	from API 20E
68382	valine arylamidase	-		from API zym

API 20E

@ref	ONPG	ADH (Arg)	LDC (Lys)	ODC	CIT	H2S productionH2S	URE	TDA (Trp)	IND	Acetoin production (Voges Proskauer test)VP	GEL	GLU	MAN	INO	Sor	RHA	SAC	MEL	AMY	ARA	OX	Nitrite productionNO2	Reduction to N2N2	MotilityMOB	Growth on MacConkey mediumMAC	OF-O	OF-F
45577	+	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	not determinedn.d.	not determinedn.d.	not determinedn.d.	not determinedn.d.	not determinedn.d.	not determinedn.d.

API zym

@ref	Control	Alkaline phosphatase	Esterase (C 4)	2-naphtyl caprylateEsterase Lipase (C 8)	Lipase (C 14)	L-leucyl-2-naphthylamideLeucine arylamidase	L-valyl-2-naphthylamideValine arylamidase	L-cystyl-2-naphthylamideCystine arylamidase	Trypsin	alpha- Chymotrypsin	Acid phosphatase	Naphthol-AS-BI-phosphateNaphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase	alpha- Galactosidase	beta- Galactosidase	beta- Glucuronidase	alpha- Glucosidase	beta- Glucosidase	N-acetyl-beta- glucosaminidase	alpha- Mannosidase	alpha- Fucosidase
123375	-	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	+	+	-	-	-	-	-

API 50CHac

@ref	ControlQ	GLY	ERY	DARA	LARA	RIB	DXYL	LXYL	ADO	MDX	GAL	GLU	FRU	MNE	SBE	RHA	DUL	INO	MAN	SOR	MDM	MDG	NAG	AMY	ARB	ESC	SAL	CEL	MAL	LAC	MEL	SAC	TRE	INU	MLZ	RAF	AMD	GLYG	XLT	GEN	TUR	LYX	TAG	DFUC	LFUC	DARL	LARL	GNT	2KG	5KG
123375	not determinedn.d.	+	-	-	+	+	+	-	-	-	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+/-	-	-

API ID32E

@ref	ODC	ADH (Arg)	LDC (Lys)	URE	LARL	GAT	5KG	LipaseLIP	Phenol red (Acidification)RP	beta GLU	MAN	MAL	ADO	PLE	beta GUR	MNT	IND	N-Acetyl-beta-Glucosaminidasebeta NAG	beta GAL	GLU	SAC	LARA	DARL	alpha GLU	alpha GAL	TRE	RHA	INO	CEL	SOR	alpha-MaltosidasealphaMAL	L-aspartic acid arylamidaseAspA
45577	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	+	-	+	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	+

API NH

@ref	PEN	GLU	FRU	MAL	SAC	ODC	URE	LIP	PAL	beta GAL	ProA	GGT	IND
16330	+	+	+	+	-	+	+	+	+	-	+	-	-
16330	-	+	+	+	+	-	+	+	+	+	-	+	-
16330	-	+	+	+	+	-	+	+	+	+	-	+	-

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

Cat1	Cat2	Cat3
#Infection	#Disease	-
#Host	#Mammals	#Suidae (Pig,Swine)

Isolation

@ref	Sample type	Sampling date
16330	porcine septicaemia
45577	Porcine,septicaemia	1961
123375	Animal, Pig, blood

Taxonmaps

69479

Global distribution of 16S sequence AY362899 (>99% sequence identity) for Actinobacillus suis from Microbeatlas

Aquatic Samples	45
Soil Samples	7
Animal Samples	1302
Plant Samples	2
Total Samples	1356

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

@ref	Pathogenicity human	Pathogenicity animal	Biosafety level	Biosafety level comment
16330			2	Risk group (German classification) According to TRBA 466
123375			1	Risk group (French classification) According to TRBA 466

Sequence information

Genome sequences

@ref	Description	Assembly level	INSDC accession	BV-BRC accession	IMG accession	NCBI tax ID	Score
66792	51726_C01 assembly for Actinobacillus suis NCTC12996	complete	GCA_900187155	716.12	2773858066	716	99.5
66792	ASM73943v1 assembly for Actinobacillus suis ATCC 33415	complete	GCA_000739435	743972.3	2597489880	743972	99.2

16S sequences

@ref	Description	Accession	Length	Database	NCBI tax ID
20218	Actinobacillus suis partial 16S rRNA gene, strain P635	AJ438660	435		716
16330	Actinobacillus suis ATCC 33415 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence	AY362899	1362		743972

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Predictions from Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 based on: Actinobacillus suis ATCC 33415
NCBI: GCA_000739435

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125439	spore_formation	BacteriaNetⓘ	no	98.30	no
125439	motility	BacteriaNetⓘ	no	77.20	no
125439	gram_stain	BacteriaNetⓘ	negative	68.10	no
125439	oxygen_tolerance	BacteriaNetⓘ	microaerophile	96.00	no

Predictions from bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets based on: Actinobacillus suis ATCC 33415 ATCC 33415
NCBI: GCA_000739435.1

@ref	Trait	Model	Prediction	Confidence in %	In training data
125438	gram-positive	gram-positiveⓘ	no	97.00	no
125438	anaerobic	anaerobicⓘ	no	91.79	no
125438	aerobic	aerobicⓘ	no	74.41	no
125438	spore-forming	spore-formingⓘ	no	88.61	no
125438	thermophilic	thermophileⓘ	no	98.00	no
125438	flagellated	motile2+ⓘ	no	89.32	no

Literature

Topic	Title	Authors	Journal	DOI	Year
Phylogeny	In silico-derived Actinobacillus equuli-specific DNA markers and development of associated PCR assays.	Songsungthong W, Pornthanakasem W, Leartsakulpanich U, Srijuntongsiri G.	J Vet Diagn Invest	10.1177/10406387251382186	2025
	Environmental pH and compound structure affect the activity of short-chain carboxylic acids against planktonic growth, biofilm formation, and eradication of the food pathogen Salmonella enterica.	Ng K-S, Bambace MF, Andersen EB, Meyer RL, Schwab C.	Microbiol Spectr	10.1128/spectrum.01658-24	2024
	Identification of putative adhesins of Actinobacillus suis and their homologues in other members of the family Pasteurellaceae.	Bujold AR, MacInnes JI.	BMC Res Notes	10.1186/s13104-015-1659-x	2015
	Septicemic Actinobacillus suis infection in a neonatal piglet with multifocal necrotic glossitis.	Sugie K, Komatsu T, Watando E, Inaba N, Kato K, Takamatsu D, Ito H, Shibahara T.	J Vet Med Sci	10.1292/jvms.18-0630	2019
Genetics	Pathological Features and Genomic Characterization of an Actinobacillus equuli subsp. equuli Bearing Unique Virulence-Associated Genes from an Adult Horse with Pleuropneumonia.	Kamali M, Carossino M, Del Piero F, Peak L, Mitchell MS, Willette J, Baker R, Li F, Kenez A, Balasuriya UBR, Go YY.	Pathogens	10.3390/pathogens12020224	2023
	Complete genome sequence of Actinobacillus equuli subspecies equuli ATCC 19392(T).	Huang BF, Kropinski AM, Bujold AR, MacInnes JI.	Stand Genomic Sci	10.1186/s40793-015-0009-x	2015
Genetics	Evaluation of the Persistence of Higher-Order Strand Symmetry in Genomic Sequences by Novel Word Symmetry Distance Analysis.	Huang B, Huang LF, Zhang SH.	Front Genet	10.3389/fgene.2019.00148	2019
Genetics	Comparative Genomic Analysis of Mannheimia haemolytica from Bovine Sources.	Klima CL, Cook SR, Zaheer R, Laing C, Gannon VP, Xu Y, Rasmussen J, Potter A, Hendrick S, Alexander TW, McAllister TA.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0149520	2016
Genetics	A Novel Glaesserella sp. Isolated from Pigs with Severe Respiratory Infections Has a Mosaic Genome with Virulence Factors Putatively Acquired by Horizontal Transfer.	Watt AE, Browning GF, Legione AR, Bushell RN, Stent A, Cutler RS, Young ND, Marenda MS.	Appl Environ Microbiol	10.1128/aem.00092-18	2018
	Sub-Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of Rhubarb Water Extracts Inhibit Streptococcus suis Biofilm Formation.	Ding WY, Li YH, Lian H, Ai XY, Zhao YL, Yang YB, Han Q, Liu X, Chen XY, He Z.	Front Pharmacol	10.3389/fphar.2017.00425	2017
Phylogeny	Comparative sequence analysis of the capsular polysaccharide loci of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovars 1-18, and development of two multiplex PCRs for comprehensive capsule typing.	Bosse JT, Li Y, Fernandez Crespo R, Lacouture S, Gottschalk M, Sarkozi R, Fodor L, Casas Amoribieta M, Angen O, Nedbalcova K, Holden MTG, Maskell DJ, Tucker AW, Wren BW, Rycroft AN, Langford PR, BRaDP1T consortium.	Vet Microbiol	10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.05.011	2018
Phylogeny	Clinical significance and taxonomy of Actinobacillus hominis.	Friis-Moller A, Christensen JJ, Fussing V, Hesselbjerg A, Christiansen J, Bruun B.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.39.3.930-935.2001	2001
Enzymology	Use of an enrichment broth cultivation-PCR combination assay for rapid diagnosis of swine erysipelas.	Shimoji Y, Mori Y, Hyakutake K, Sekizaki T, Yokomizo Y.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.36.1.86-89.1998	1998
Enzymology	Improved diagnostic PCR assay for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae based on the nucleotide sequence of an outer membrane lipoprotein.	Gram T, Ahrens P.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.36.2.443-448.1998	1998
	Actinobacillus suis-associated iliac thromboembolism caused acute posterior paralysis in a young boar.	Konnai M, Namikawa A, Makino H, Hamazaki Y, Awamura M, Senba H, Kusakari M, Iwaide S, Shibahara T.	J Vet Med Sci	10.1292/jvms.25-0326	2025
	First isolation of Aerococcus viridans from clinical specimens collected on a pig farm in Poland.	Cybulski P, Kondratiuk R, Spiekermeier I, Wozniakowski G.	J Vet Res	10.2478/jvetres-2024-0058	2024
	[Case report of fatal sepsis caused by Actinobacillus suis/equuli in an adult male].	Jezek P, Malisova L, Safrankova R.	Klin Mikrobiol Infekc Lek		2022
	Nasal Colonizers from Sows in the Federal District of Brazil Showed a Diverse Phenotypic Resistance Profile.	Rigueira LL, de Sant'Ana FJF, Dallago BSL, de Faria RSA, Rodrigues MM, Obregon-Gutierrez P, Aragon V, Perecmanis S.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms13061354	2025
	Reproduction of porcine ear necrosis (ear-tip necrosis) following intradermal inoculation of pigs with Fusobacterium necrophorum.	Costa MO, Nosach R, de Almeida MHM.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0337536	2025
	Detection and disease diagnosis trends (2017-2022) for Streptococcus suis, Glaesserella parasuis, Mycoplasma hyorhinis, Actinobacillus suis and Mycoplasma hyosynoviae at Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory.	Silva APSP, Almeida M, Michael A, Rahe MC, Siepker C, Magstadt DR, Pineyro P, Arruda BL, Macedo NR, Sahin O, Gauger PC, Krueger KM, Mugabi R, Streauslin JS, Trevisan G, Linhares DCL, Silva GS, Fano E, Main RG, Schwartz KJ, Burrough ER, Derscheid RJ, Sitthicharoenchai P, Clavijo MJ.	BMC Vet Res	10.1186/s12917-023-03807-w	2023
	Bacteria Endocarditis Caused by Mycoplasma hyorhinis in a Juvenile, Immunosuppressed Pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) following Partial Heart Transplantation.	Suk RN, Helke KL, Fitzgerald DC, Hassid M, McVadon D, Taylor CL, Brockbank KGM, Rajab TK, Braxton AM.	Comp Med	10.30802/aalas-cm-23-000090	2024
	Comparison of differences in performance between pigs whose sires were identified using different selection strategies after experimental infection with PRRSV.	Little EA, Dunkelberger J, Hanson D, Eggert J, Gonda MG, MacNeil MD, Dee S.	Transl Anim Sci	10.1093/tas/txae128	2024
	Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Actinobacillus suis sensu stricto isolated from a dairy calf.	Ishihara M, Yamazaki Y, Katsuda K, Ito H.	J Vet Med Sci	10.1292/jvms.22-0044	2022
	Divergence in the sow vaginal microbiota is associated with fertility.	Fletcher L, Zhan X, Song Y, Li J.	Reproduction	10.1530/rep-25-0044	2025
	Disease-associated Streptococcus suis (DASS) in lactation: detection patterns and implications for control.	Mugabi R, Silva APSP, Haden C, Wells J, Murray GGR, Gussak A, Rotolo ML, Williams T, Gottschalk M, Schmitt C, Ferrando ML, van Baarlen P, Brown J, Weinert L, Rademacher C, Li G, Robbins R, Cano JP, Karriker L, Harms P, Tucker AW, Clavijo MJ.	Porcine Health Manag	10.1186/s40813-025-00469-y	2025
	Development and application of a WebGIS-based prediction system for multi-criteria decision analysis of porcine pasteurellosis.	Liu T, Cao L, Wang HR, Ma YJ, Lu XY, Li PJ, Wang HB.	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-024-72350-x	2024
	Göttingen Minipigs as a Model for Assessing the Impact of Drugs on the Gut and Milk Microbiota-A Preliminary Study.	Bencivenni S, Brigidi P, Zannoni A, Ventrella D, Elmi A, Bacci ML, Forni M, D'Amico F, Turroni S.	Nutrients	10.3390/nu16234060	2024
	A tool to enhance antimicrobial stewardship using similarity networks to identify antimicrobial resistance patterns across farms.	Aguilar-Vega C, Scoglio C, Clavijo MJ, Robbins R, Karriker L, Liu X, Martinez-Lopez B.	Sci Rep	10.1038/s41598-023-29980-4	2023
	Efficacy of bacterial vaccines to prevent respiratory disease in swine: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.	Sargeant JM, Deb B, Bergevin MD, Churchill K, Dawkins K, Dunn J, Hu D, Moody C, O'Connor AM, O'Sullivan TL, Reist M, Wang C, Wilhelm B, Winder CB.	Anim Health Res Rev	10.1017/s1466252319000173	2019
Pathogenicity	Prevalence and time trend analysis of antimicrobial resistance in respiratory bacterial pathogens collected from diseased pigs in USA between 2006-2016.	Hayer SS, Rovira A, Olsen K, Johnson TJ, Vannucci F, Rendahl A, Perez A, Alvarez J.	Res Vet Sci	10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.11.010	2020
	Factors affecting survival of foals with pneumonia in a referral hospital.	Rossi HS, Hyytiainen HK, Junnila JJT, Rajamaki MM, Mykkanen AK.	BMC Vet Res	10.1186/s12917-024-04405-0	2024
Pathogenicity	Antibacterial activity against porcine respiratory bacterial pathogens and in vitro biocompatibility of essential oils.	LeBel G, Vaillancourt K, Bercier P, Grenier D.	Arch Microbiol	10.1007/s00203-019-01655-7	2019
	Valvular endocarditis in the horse: 20 cases (1993-2020).	Henderson B, Diaz M, Martins C, Kenney D, Baird JD, Arroyo LG.	Can Vet J		2020
	Cross-sectional study of Mycoplasma hyopharyngis, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Mycoplasma hyorhinis and Mycoplasma hyosynoviae in the tonsils of fattening pigs from Central-Eastern Europe.	Nagy EZ, Foldi D, Madzig F, Wehmann E, Orosz A, Kempf A, Buza L, Matyus J, Buza L, Grozner D, Kreizinger Z, Gyuranecz M.	Porcine Health Manag	10.1186/s40813-025-00429-6	2025
Metabolism	Differential expression of putative adhesin genes of Actinobacillus suis grown in in vivo-like conditions.	Bujold AR, Labrie J, Jacques M, MacInnes JI.	Vet Microbiol	10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.09.005	2016
Phylogeny	The developing pig respiratory microbiome harbors strains antagonistic to common respiratory pathogens.	Vlasblom AA, Duim B, Patel S, Luiken REC, Crespo-Piazuelo D, Eckenberger J, Huseyin CE, Lawlor PG, Elend C, Wagenaar JA, Claesson MJ, Zomer AL.	mSystems	10.1128/msystems.00626-24	2024
	Serotype diversity of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae detected by real-time PCR in clinical and subclinical samples from Spanish pig farms during 2017-2022.	Arnal Bernal JL, Gottschalk M, Lacotoure S, Sanz Tejero C, Chacon Perez G, Martin-Jurado D, Fernandez Ros AB.	Vet Res	10.1186/s13567-024-01419-2	2024
	Comparison of Asian porcine high fever disease isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus to United States isolates for their ability to cause disease and secondary bacterial infection in swine.	Brockmeier SL, Loving CL, Palmer MV, Spear A, Nicholson TL, Faaberg KS, Lager KM.	Vet Microbiol	10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.02.003	2017
	Resilience of swine nasal microbiota to influenza A virus challenge in a longitudinal study.	Hau SJ, Nielsen DW, Mou KT, Alt DP, Kellner S, Brockmeier SL.	Vet Res	10.1186/s13567-023-01167-9	2023
Enzymology	An unusual culprit: Klebsiella pneumoniae causing septicaemia outbreaks in neonatal pigs?	Bowring BG, Fahy VA, Morris A, Collins AM.	Vet Microbiol	10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.03.018	2017
	Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus infection of pigs leads to shedding in faeces and a carrier state.	Costa MO, Harding JCS, Huang Y, Nosach R.	Transbound Emerg Dis	10.1111/tbed.14481	2022
	In silico capsule locus typing for serovar prediction of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.	Li SC, Huang JF, Hung YT, Wu HH, Wang JP, Lin JH, Chen ZW, Hsuan SL.	Microb Genom	10.1099/mgen.0.000780	2022
	Pig Bite Injury Mimicking as Battered Baby Syndrome Leading to Bilateral Foot Amputation in a Toddler: A Diagnostic Dilemma and a Rare Case Report.	Chaudhary S, Sudhakar PV, Banerjee S, Mehta S, Singh V.	J Orthop Case Rep	10.13107/jocr.2020.v10.i04.1776	2020
	Feasibility of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in the Classification of Pig Lung Lesions.	Varra MO, Conter M, Recchia M, Alborali GL, Maisano AM, Ghidini S, Zanardi E.	Vet Sci	10.3390/vetsci11040181	2024
	Native Pig Neutrophil Products: Insights into Their Antimicrobial Activity.	Fernandez-De La Cruz E, Wessely-Szponder J, Vinas M, Vinuesa T, Merlos A, Jorba M, Espinal P, Fuste E.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms11082119	2023
	Challenges and Lessons Learned from a Field Trial on the Understanding of the Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex.	Crisci E, Kick AR, Cortes LM, Byrne JJ, Amaral AF, Love K, Tong H, Zhang J, Gauger PC, Pittman JS, Kaser T.	Vaccines (Basel)	10.3390/vaccines13070740	2025
Metabolism	Sequence and structural diversity of transferrin receptors in Gram-negative porcine pathogens.	Curran DM, Adamiak PJ, Fegan JE, Qian C, Yu RH, Schryvers AB.	Vaccine	10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.07.097	2015
	A retrospective study of equine perinatal loss in Canada (2007 to 2020).	Ricard RM, St-Jean G, Atwal HK, Wobeser BK.	Can Vet J		2023
	Severe injury to the brachial neurovascular bundle and muscles due to a horse bite: a case report.	Rudari H, Jaha L, Koshi A, Vokrri L.	J Med Case Rep	10.1186/s13256-021-02863-w	2021
	Antimicrobial Resistance of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Streptococcus suis, and Pasteurella multocida Isolated from Romanian Swine Farms.	Siteavu MI, Drugea RI, Pitoiu E, Ciobotaru-Pirvu E.	Microorganisms	10.3390/microorganisms11102410	2023
	Efficacy of Different Sterilization Techniques for Toothbrush Decontamination: An Ex Vivo Study.	Assari AS, Mohammed Mahrous M, Ahmad YA, Alotaibi F, Alshammari M, AlTurki F, AlShammari T.	Cureus	10.7759/cureus.21117	2022
	Development of a new multiplex quantitative PCR for the detection of Glaesserella parasuis, Mycoplasma hyorhinis, and Mycoplasma hyosynoviae.	Scherrer S, Schmitt S, Rademacher F, Kuhnert P, Ghielmetti G, Peterhans S, Stephan R.	Microbiologyopen	10.1002/mbo3.1353	2023
Enzymology	Development of a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of Actinobacillus suis in porcine lung.	Kariyawasam S, Strait E, Jordan D, Kroll J.	J Vet Diagn Invest	10.1177/1040638711416854	2011
	The lipopolysaccharide core of Actinobacillus suis and its relationship to those of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.	Ganeshapillai J, Boncheff AG, Slavic D, MacInnes J, Monteiro MA.	Biochem Cell Biol	10.1139/o11-003	2011
	First Human Case of Meningitis and Sepsis in a Child Caused by Actinobacillus suis or Actinobacillus equuli.	Montagnani C, Pecile P, Moriondo M, Petricci P, Becciani S, Chiappini E, Indolfi G, Rossolini GM, Azzari C, de Martino M, Galli L.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.00339-15	2015
	Discovery and characterization of a fructosylated capsule polysaccharide and sialylated lipopolysaccharide in a virulent strain of Actinobacillus suis.	Deutschmann R, Boncheff AG, MacInnes JI, Monteiro MA.	Biochem Cell Biol	10.1139/o11-001	2011
Transcriptome	Complete genome sequence of Actinobacillus suis H91-0380, a virulent serotype O2 strain.	MacInnes JI, Mackinnon J, Bujold AR, Ziebell K, Kropinski AM, Nash JH.	J Bacteriol	10.1128/jb.01633-12	2012
	African Swine Fever Outbreak at a Farm in Central Namibia.	Samkange A, Mushonga B, Mudimba D, Chiwome BA, Jago M, Kandiwa E, Bishi AS, Molini U.	Case Rep Vet Med	10.1155/2019/3619593	2019
Metabolism	Common sialylated glycan in Actinobacillus suis.	Deutschmann R, Boncheff AG, Daraban L, MacInnes JI, Monteiro MA.	Glycobiology	10.1093/glycob/cwq079	2010
Metabolism	Attachment of Actinobacillus suis H91-0380 and Its Isogenic Adhesin Mutants to Extracellular Matrix Components of the Tonsils of the Soft Palate of Swine.	Bujold AR, MacInnes JI.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.00456-16	2016
	Identification, Biochemical Characterization, and In Vivo Detection of a Zn-Metalloprotease with Collagenase Activity from Mannheimia haemolytica A2.	Ramirez-Rico G, Martinez-Castillo M, Ruiz-Mazon L, Meneses-Romero EP, Palacios JAF, Diaz-Aparicio E, Abascal EN, de la Garza M.	Int J Mol Sci	10.3390/ijms25021289	2024
	Immune response induced by a Streptococcus suis multi-serotype autogenous vaccine used in sows to protect post-weaned piglets.	Jeffery A, Gilbert M, Corsaut L, Gaudreau A, Obradovic MR, Cloutier S, Frenette MC, Surprenant C, Lacouture S, Arnal JL, Gottschalk M, Segura M.	Vet Res	10.1186/s13567-024-01313-x	2024
	Response of lymphocytes from pigs naturally infected with porcine respiratory disease complex at 3 different stages of development.	Nunez-Anita RE, Calderon-Rico F, Perez-Duran F, Arenas-Arrocena MC, Zamora-Aviles AG, Franco-Correa LE, Bravo-Patino A, Hernandez-Morales I.	Can J Vet Res		2023
	Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus (PRCV): Isolation and Characterization of a Variant PRCV from USA Pigs.	Rawal G, Yim-Im W, Aljets E, Halbur PG, Zhang J, Opriessnig T.	Pathogens	10.3390/pathogens12091097	2023
Enzymology	Evaluation of diagnostic assays for the serological detection of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae on samples of known or unknown exposure.	Opriessnig T, Hemann M, Johnson JK, Heinen S, Gimenez-Lirola LG, O'Neill KC, Hoang H, Yoon KJ, Gottschalk M, Halbur PG.	J Vet Diagn Invest	10.1177/1040638712469607	2013
	Identification of Glaesserella parasuis and Differentiation of Its 15 Serovars Using High-Resolution Melting Assays.	Scherrer S, Rademacher F, Stephan R, Peterhans S.	Pathogens	10.3390/pathogens11070752	2022
	Characterization of colonization-deficient mutants of Actinobacillus suis.	Ojha S, Lacouture S, Gottschalk M, MacInnes JI.	Vet Microbiol	10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.07.014	2010
	A CRISPR/Cas12a-assisted rapid detection platform by biosensing the apxIVA of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.	Luan T, Wang L, Zhao J, Luan H, Zhang Y, Wang C, Langford PR, Liu S, Zhang W, Li G.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2022.928307	2022
	Validation of reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis of Actinobacillus suis.	Bujold AR, MacInnes JI.	BMC Res Notes	10.1186/s13104-015-1045-8	2015
	Sequence analysis of serotype-specific synthesis regions II of Haemophilus influenzae serotypes c and d: evidence for common ancestry of capsule synthesis in Pasteurellaceae and Neisseria meningitidis.	Lam TT, Claus H, Frosch M, Vogel U.	Res Microbiol	10.1016/j.resmic.2011.04.002	2011
Metabolism	The role of RTX toxins in host specificity of animal pathogenic Pasteurellaceae.	Frey J.	Vet Microbiol	10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.05.018	2011
	Postweaning mortality in commercial swine production II: review of infectious contributing factors.	Gebhardt JT, Tokach MD, Dritz SS, DeRouchey JM, Woodworth JC, Goodband RD, Henry SC.	Transl Anim Sci	10.1093/tas/txaa052	2020
	Development and Clinical Applications of a 5-Plex Real-Time RT-PCR for Swine Enteric Coronaviruses.	Zhu JH, Rawal G, Aljets E, Yim-Im W, Yang YL, Huang YW, Krueger K, Gauger P, Main R, Zhang J.	Viruses	10.3390/v14071536	2022
	Main Causes of Death in Piglets from Different Brazilian Nursery Farms Based on Clinical, Microbiological, and Pathological Aspects.	Menegatt JCO, Perosa FF, Gris AH, Piva MM, Serena GC, Bordignon DL, Reck C, Menin A, Watanabe TTN, Driemeier D.	Animals (Basel)	10.3390/ani13243819	2023
	Comparative Efficacy in Challenge Dose Models of a Toxin Expressing Whole-Cell Vaccine against Eight Serovars of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in Pigs.	Mortensen P, Toft N, Kiss I, Palya V, Smits H, Tenk M.	Animals (Basel)	10.3390/ani12233244	2022
	Comparative Genomics of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Serotype 8 Reveals the Importance of Prophages in the Genetic Variability of the Species.	Prado IGO, da Silva GC, Crispim JS, Vidigal PMP, Nascimento M, Santana MF, Bazzolli DMS.	Int J Genomics	10.1155/2020/9354204	2020
Genetics	Bacterial topography of the upper and lower respiratory tract in pigs.	Pirolo M, Espinosa-Gongora C, Alberdi A, Eisenhofer R, Soverini M, Eriksen EO, Pedersen KS, Guardabassi L.	Anim Microbiome	10.1186/s42523-023-00226-y	2023
	Integrative multiomics analysis reveals host-microbe-metabolite interplays associated with the aging process in Singaporeans.	Chen L, Zheng T, Yang Y, Chaudhary PP, Teh JPY, Cheon BK, Moses D, Schuster SC, Schlundt J, Li J, Conway PL.	Gut Microbes	10.1080/19490976.2022.2070392	2022
	An experimental model of Actinobacillus suis infection in mice.	Ojha S, Hayes MA, Turner PV, MacInnes JI.	Comp Med		2007
	A glyco-engineering approach for site-specific conjugation to Fab glycans.	Jaramillo ML, Sulea T, Durocher Y, Acchione M, Schur MJ, Robotham A, Kelly JF, Goneau MF, Robert A, Cepero-Donates Y, Gilbert M.	MAbs	10.1080/19420862.2022.2149057	2023
Metabolism	Bactericidal activity of porcine neutrophil secretions.	Scapinello S, Brooks AS, MacInnes JI, Hammermueller J, Clark ME, Caswell JL.	Vet Immunol Immunopathol	10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.09.004	2011
	Effects of Labrador Tea, Peppermint, and Winter Savory Essential Oils on Fusobacterium nucleatum.	Ben Lagha A, Vaillancourt K, Maquera Huacho P, Grenier D.	Antibiotics (Basel)	10.3390/antibiotics9110794	2020
	The structural basis for the serospecificity of Actinobacillus suis serogroup O:2.	Rullo A, Papp-Szabo E, Michael FS, Macinnes J, Monteiro MA.	Biochem Cell Biol	10.1139/o06-012	2006
Phylogeny	Maturation of 23S rRNA includes removal of helix H1 in many bacteria.	Shatoff EA, Gemler BT, Bundschuh R, Fredrick K.	RNA Biol	10.1080/15476286.2021.2000793	2021
Metabolism	Porcine mannan-binding lectin A binds to Actinobacillus suis and Haemophilus parasuis.	Lillie BN, Hammermueller JD, Macinnes JI, Jacques M, Hayes MA.	Dev Comp Immunol	10.1016/j.dci.2005.12.008	2006
Metabolism	Iron acquisition by Actinobacillus suis: identification and characterization of a single-component haemoglobin receptor and encoding gene.	Bahrami F, Niven DF.	Microb Pathog	10.1016/j.micpath.2005.03.002	2005
Genetics	Molecular Characteristics and Pathogenicity of a Novel Recombinant Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Strain from NADC30-, NADC34-, and JXA1-Like Strains That Emerged in China.	Liu J, Liu C, Xu Y, Yang Y, Li J, Dai A, Huang C, Luo M, Wei C.	Microbiol Spectr	10.1128/spectrum.02667-22	2022
	Characterization of a 2016-2017 Human Seasonal H3 Influenza A Virus Spillover Now Endemic to U.S. Swine.	Sharma A, Zeller MA, Souza CK, Anderson TK, Vincent AL, Harmon K, Li G, Zhang J, Gauger PC.	mSphere	10.1128/msphere.00809-21	2022
	The effects of group size and subtherapeutic antibiotic alternatives on growth performance and morbidity of nursery pigs: a model for feed additive evaluation.	Olsen KM, Gabler NK, Rademacher CJ, Schwartz KJ, Schweer WP, Gourley GG, Patience JF.	Transl Anim Sci	10.1093/tas/txy068	2018
Enzymology	Metalloproteases secreted by Actinobacillus suis.	Negrete-Abascal E, Pacheco SV, Paniagua GL, Mendez AP, Caballero JI, Marquez VM, Tenorio VR.	Curr Microbiol	10.1007/s00284-004-4279-6	2004
Metabolism	Rapid and simple detection of Glaesserella parasuis in synovial fluid by recombinase polymerase amplification and lateral flow strip.	Zhang TT, Liu MZ, Yin RH, Yao LQ, Liu BS, Chen ZL.	BMC Vet Res	10.1186/s12917-019-2039-x	2019
	Seasonal Variation in Prevalence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Other Respiratory Pathogens in Peri-Weaned, Post-Weaned, and Fattening Pigs with Clinical Signs of Respiratory Diseases in Belgian and Dutch Pig Herds, Using a Tracheobronchial Swab Sampling Technique, and Their Associations with Local Weather Conditions.	Vangroenweghe FACJ, Thas O.	Pathogens	10.3390/pathogens10091202	2021
	cAMP competitively inhibits periplasmic phosphatases to coordinate nutritional growth with competence of Haemophilus influenzae.	Kronborg K, Zhang YE.	J Biol Chem	10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105404	2023
	Assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials: Swine.	EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW), Nielsen SS, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortazar Schmidt C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MA, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Sihvonen LH, Spoolder H, Stahl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Dewulf J, Guardabassi L, Hilbert F, Mader R, Baldinelli F, Alvarez J.	EFSA J	10.2903/j.efsa.2021.7113	2021
	Mycoplasma hominis ssp. associated endocarditis with myocardial necrosis in an alpaca (Vicugna pacos) in Manitoba in 2011.	Tomczyk KM, Copeland S, Postey R, Ngeleka M.	Can Vet J		2015
Phylogeny	Emended description of Actinobacillus capsulatus Arseculeratne 1962, 38AL.	Kuhnert P, Korczak BM, Christensen H, Bisgaard M.	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.64659-0	2007
Metabolism	Host cell specific activity of RTX toxins from haemolytic Actinobacillus equuli and Actinobacillus suis.	Kuhnert P, Berthoud H, Straub R, Frey J.	Vet Microbiol	10.1016/s0378-1135(02)00353-x	2003
Metabolism	Iron acquisition by Actinobacillus suis: identification and characterization of transferrin receptor proteins and encoding genes.	Bahrami F, Ekins A, Niven DF.	Vet Microbiol	10.1016/s0378-1135(03)00082-8	2003
	Comparison of Serum Amyloid A Measurements in Equine Synovial Fluid With Routine Diagnostic Methods to Detect Synovial Infection in a Clinical Environment.	Stack JD, Cousty M, Steele E, Handel I, Lechartier A, Vinardell T, David F.	Front Vet Sci	10.3389/fvets.2019.00325	2019
	Analysis of non-porcine isolates of Actinobacillus suis.	Jeannotte ME, Slavic D, Frey J, Kuhnert P, MacInnes JI.	Vet Microbiol	10.1016/s0378-1135(01)00484-9	2002
Phylogeny	Phylogenetic relationship of equine Actinobacillus species and distribution of RTX toxin genes among clusters.	Kuhnert P, Berthoud H, Christensen H, Bisgaard M, Frey J.	Vet Res	10.1051/vetres:2003010	2003
Genetics	Mobile Genetic Elements Drive Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Spread in Pasteurellaceae Species.	da Silva GC, Goncalves OS, Rosa JN, Franca KC, Bosse JT, Santana MF, Langford PR, Bazzolli DMS.	Front Microbiol	10.3389/fmicb.2021.773284	2021
	Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Interaction With Swine Endothelial Cells.	Plasencia-Munoz B, Avelar-Gonzalez FJ, De la Garza M, Jacques M, Moreno-Flores A, Guerrero-Barrera AL.	Front Vet Sci	10.3389/fvets.2020.569370	2020
	Genome-scale metabolic modeling of Aspergillus fumigatus strains reveals growth dependencies on the lung microbiome.	Mirhakkak MH, Chen X, Ni Y, Heinekamp T, Sae-Ong T, Xu LL, Kurzai O, Barber AE, Brakhage AA, Boutin S, Schauble S, Panagiotou G.	Nat Commun	10.1038/s41467-023-39982-5	2023
Enzymology	Actinobacillus suis infection in pigs in Australia.	Wilson RJ, McOrist S.	Aust Vet J	10.1111/j.1751-0813.2000.tb11778.x	2000
	Serologic profile of a cohort of pigs and antibody response to an autogenous vaccine for Actinobacillus suis.	Lapointe L, D'Allaire S, Lacouture S, Gottschalk M.	Vet Res	10.1051/vetres:2001104	2001
	Prevalence of a novel capsule-associated lipoprotein among pasteurellaceae pathogenic in animals.	Champlin FR, Shryock TR, Patterson CE, Austin FW, Ryals PE.	Curr Microbiol	10.1007/s00284-001-0047-2	2002
	aroA gene PCR-RFLP diversity patterns in Haemophilus parasuis and Actinobacillus species.	del Rio ML, Martin CB, Navas J, Gutierrez-Muniz B, Rodriguez-Barbosa JI, Rodriguez Ferri EF.	Res Vet Sci	10.1016/j.rvsc.2005.03.004	2006
Pathogenicity	Idiopathic peritonitis in horses: a retrospective study of 130 cases in Sweden (2002-2017).	Odelros E, Kendall A, Hedberg-Alm Y, Pringle J.	Acta Vet Scand	10.1186/s13028-019-0456-2	2019
	A robust PCR for the differentiation of potential virulent strains of Haemophilus parasuis.	Galofre-Mila N, Correa-Fiz F, Lacouture S, Gottschalk M, Strutzberg-Minder K, Bensaid A, Pina-Pedrero S, Aragon V.	BMC Vet Res	10.1186/s12917-017-1041-4	2017
	Open Fracture of the Forearm Bones due to Horse Bite.	Santoshi JA, Leshem L.	J Orthop Case Rep	10.13107/jocr.2250-0685.138	2014
Phylogeny	Delineation of the genus Actinobacillus by comparison of partial infB sequences.	Norskov-Lauritsen N, Christensen H, Okkels H, Kilian M, Bruun B.	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijs.0.02785-0	2004
	Development of a non-biased, high-throughput ELISA for the rapid evaluation of immunogenicity and cross-reactivity.	Fegan JE, Yu RH, Islam EA, Schryvers AB.	J Immunol Methods	10.1016/j.jim.2021.113037	2021
Metabolism	The first description of a (1--> 6)-beta-D-glucan in prokaryotes: (1 --> 6)-beta-D-glucan is a common component of actinobacillus suis and is the basis for a serotyping system.	Monteiro MA, Slavic D, St Michael F, Brisson JR, MacInnes JI, Perry MB.	Carbohydr Res	10.1016/s0008-6215(00)00148-8	2000
	Bioavailability of l-lysine sulfate relative to l-lysine HCl for growing-finishing pigs.	Li Q, Gould SA, Htoo JKK, Gonzalez-Vega JC, Patience JF.	Transl Anim Sci	10.1093/tas/txz094	2019
Metabolism	Studies on the production of quorum-sensing signal molecules in Mannheimia haemolytica A1 and other Pasteurellaceae species.	Malott RJ, Lo RY.	FEMS Microbiol Lett	10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb10981.x	2002
Phylogeny	A Unique Capsule Locus in the Newly Designated Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Serovar 16 and Development of a Diagnostic PCR Assay.	Bosse JT, Li Y, Sarkozi R, Gottschalk M, Angen O, Nedbalcova K, Rycroft AN, Fodor L, Langford PR.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.02166-16	2017
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Pathogenicity	In vitro susceptibility of porcine respiratory pathogens to tilmicosin.	DeRosa DC, Veenhuizen MF, Bade DJ, Shryock TR.	J Vet Diagn Invest	10.1177/104063870001200608	2000
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Enzymology	Isolation of Actinobacillus suis from a cat's lung.	Daignault D, Chouinard L, Moller K, Ahrens P, Messier S, Higgins R.	Can Vet J		1999
Metabolism	Serological and biochemical properties of the major outer membrane protein within strains of the genus Actinobacillus.	Hartmann L, Schroder W, Lubke-Becker A.	Zentralbl Bakteriol	10.1016/s0934-8840(96)80101-0	1996
	Molecular Characterization of a Novel N-Acetylneuraminate Lyase from a Deep-Sea Symbiotic Mycoplasma.	Wang SL, Li YL, Han Z, Chen X, Chen QJ, Wang Y, He LS.	Mar Drugs	10.3390/md16030080	2018
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Phylogeny	Differentiation of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strains by sequence analysis of 16S rDNA and ribosomal intergenic regions, and development of a species specific oligonucleotide for in situ detection.	Fussing V, Paster BJ, Dewhirst FE, Poulsen LK.	Syst Appl Microbiol	10.1016/s0723-2020(98)80050-7	1998
Phylogeny	Evaluation of the Bruker MALDI Biotyper for Identification of Fastidious Gram-Negative Rods.	Schulthess B, Bloemberg GV, Zbinden A, Mouttet F, Zbinden R, Bottger EC, Hombach M.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.03107-15	2016
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	Antimicrobial use in lactating sows, piglets, nursery, and grower-finisher pigs on swine farms in Ontario, Canada during 2017 and 2018.	Bosman AL, Deckert AE, Carson CA, Poljak Z, Reid-Smith RJ, McEwen SA.	Porcine Health Manag	10.1186/s40813-022-00259-w	2022
Phylogeny	Actinobacillus suis-like organisms and evidence of hemolytic strains of Actinobacillus lignieresii in horses.	Samitz EM, Biberstein EL.	Am J Vet Res		1991
	Validation of Reference Genes for Real-Time Quantitative PCR (qPCR) Analysis of Avibacterium paragallinarum.	Wen S, Chen X, Xu F, Sun H.	PLoS One	10.1371/journal.pone.0167736	2016
Pathogenicity	The Effects of a Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonist (GRA) on the Immune Function, Nutrient Digestibility, and Wean-to-Finish Growth Performance of Early-Weaned Pigs.	Wooten H, Kim H, Rakhshandeh AR, Rakhshandeh A.	Animals (Basel)	10.3390/ani10060953	2020
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Metabolism	The availability of purine nucleotides regulates natural competence by controlling translation of the competence activator Sxy.	Sinha S, Mell J, Redfield R.	Mol Microbiol	10.1111/mmi.12245	2013
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Phylogeny	Prevalence of O1/K1- and O2/K3-reactive Actinobacillus suis in healthy and diseased swine.	Slavic D, Toffner TL, Monteiro MA, Perry MB, MacInnes JI.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.38.10.3759-3762.2000	2000
Enzymology	Prevalence of organisms described as Actinobacillus suis or haemolytic Actinobacillus equuli in the oral cavity of horses. Comparative investigations of strains obtained and porcine strains of A. suis sensu stricto.	Bisgaard M, Piechulla K, Ying YT, Frederiksen W, Mannheim W.	Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand B	10.1111/j.1699-0463.1984.tb02836.x	1984
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	Breeding for disease resilience: opportunities to manage polymicrobial challenge and improve commercial performance in the pig industry.	Bai X, Plastow GS.	CABI Agric Biosci	10.1186/s43170-022-00073-y	2022
Enzymology	DNA microarray-based identification and typing of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.	Xiao G, Cao S, Huang X, Wen X.	Can J Vet Res		2009
Enzymology	Monoclonal antibody in the identification of Haemophilus somnus.	Thomson MS, Lauerman LH, Wilt GR.	J Vet Diagn Invest	10.1177/104063879000200206	1990
Enzymology	Plasma Peak and Trough Gentamicin Concentrations in Hospitalized Horses Receiving Intravenously Administered Gentamicin.	Bauquier JR, Boston RC, Sweeney RW, Wilkins PA, Nolen-Walston RD.	J Vet Intern Med	10.1111/jvim.13626	2015
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	The Airway Pathobiome in Complex Respiratory Diseases: A Perspective in Domestic Animals.	Mach N, Baranowski E, Nouvel LX, Citti C.	Front Cell Infect Microbiol	10.3389/fcimb.2021.583600	2021
	Suspected transient pseudohypoaldosteronism in a 10-day-old quarter horse foal.	Arroyo LG, Vengust M, Dobson H, Viel L.	Can Vet J		2008
	Haemophilus parasuis alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase-mediated lipooligosaccharide sialylation contributes to bacterial pathogenicity.	Wang H, Liu L, Cao Q, Mao W, Zhang Y, Qu X, Cai X, Lv Y, Chen H, Xu X, Wang X.	Virulence	10.1080/21505594.2018.1502606	2018
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Pathogenicity	Tiamulin activity against fastidious and nonfastidious veterinary and human bacterial isolates: initial development of in vitro susceptibility test methods.	Jones RN, Pfaller MA, Rhomberg PR, Walter DH.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.40.2.461-465.2002	2002
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	[Respiratory diseases of swine: some epidemiologic aspects].	Kobisch M, Tillon JP.	Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis	10.1016/0147-9571(85)90055-4	1985
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	Infection with actinobacillus suis in pigs.	Liven E, Larsen HJ, Lium B.	Acta Vet Scand	10.1186/bf03547636	1978
Enzymology	Actinobacillus suis strains isolated from healthy and diseased swine are clonal and carry apxICABDvar. suis and apxIICAvar. suis toxin genes.	Van Ostaaijen J, Frey J, Rosendal S, MacInnes JI.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.35.5.1131-1137.1997	1997
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	Patterns of antibiotic use in global pig production: A systematic review.	Lekagul A, Tangcharoensathien V, Yeung S.	Vet Anim Sci	10.1016/j.vas.2019.100058	2019
Metabolism	Cefadroxil in the horse: pharmacokinetics and in vitro antibacterial activity.	Wilson WD, Baggot JD, Adamson PJ, Hirsh DC, Hietala SK.	J Vet Pharmacol Ther	10.1111/j.1365-2885.1985.tb00953.x	1985
	Evidence for a common gene pool and frequent recombinational exchange of the tbpBA operon in Mannheimia haemolytica, Mannheimia glucosida and Bibersteinia trehalosi.	Lee I, Davies RL.	Microbiology (Reading)	10.1099/mic.0.041236-0	2011
	Prevalence of seroreactors to the 104-kilodalton hemolysin of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in swine herds.	Devenish J, Rosendal S, Bosse JT, Wilkie BN, Johnson R.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.28.4.789-791.1990	1990
	A computational strategy for the search of regulatory small RNAs in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.	Rossi CC, Bosse JT, Li Y, Witney AA, Gould KA, Langford PR, Bazzolli DM.	RNA	10.1261/rna.055129.115	2016
Metabolism	Structural variations within the transferrin binding site on transferrin-binding protein B, TbpB.	Calmettes C, Yu RH, Silva LP, Curran D, Schriemer DC, Schryvers AB, Moraes TF.	J Biol Chem	10.1074/jbc.m110.206102	2011
Pathogenicity	In vitro susceptibility of selected veterinary bacterial pathogens to ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and norfloxacin.	Prescott JF, Yielding KM.	Can J Vet Res		1990
	Immunoserological comparison of 104-kilodalton proteins associated with hemolysis and cytolysis in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Actinobacillus suis, Pasteurella haemolytica, and Escherichia coli.	Devenish J, Rosendal S, Johnson R, Hubler S.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.57.10.3210-3213.1989	1989
Enzymology	A 24-kDa cloned zinc metalloprotease from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is common to all serotypes and cleaves actin in vitro.	Garcia-Cuellar C, Montanez C, Tenorio V, Reyes-Esparza J, Duran MJ, Negrete E, Guerrero A, de la Garza M.	Can J Vet Res		2000
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Enzymology	Identification of (1-->6)-beta-D-glucan as the major carbohydrate component of the Malassezia sympodialis cell wall.	Kruppa MD, Lowman DW, Chen YH, Selander C, Scheynius A, Monteiro MA, Williams DL.	Carbohydr Res	10.1016/j.carres.2009.09.029	2009
Metabolism	Host-pathogen interactions of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae with porcine lung and tracheal epithelial cells.	Auger E, Deslandes V, Ramjeet M, Contreras I, Nash JH, Harel J, Gottschalk M, Olivier M, Jacques M.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.00297-08	2009
	Pathogenesis and clinical signs of equine herpesvirus-1 in experimentally infected ponies in vivo.	Sutton GA, Viel L, Carman PS, Boag BL.	Can J Vet Res		1998
	Field efficacy of an inactivated bivalent influenza vaccine in a multi-site swine production system during an outbreak of systemic porcine circovirus associated disease.	Poljak Z, Dewey CE, Martin SW, Christensen J, Friendship RM.	Can J Vet Res		2010
	Clinical effects of experimental dual infections with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus followed by swine influenza virus in conventional and colostrum-deprived pigs.	Van Reeth K, Nauwynck H, Pensaert M.	J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health	10.1046/j.1439-0450.2001.00438.x	2001
	In vitro and ex vivo analyses of co-infections with swine influenza and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses.	Dobrescu I, Levast B, Lai K, Delgado-Ortega M, Walker S, Banman S, Townsend H, Simon G, Zhou Y, Gerdts V, Meurens F.	Vet Microbiol	10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.11.037	2014
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	Experimental infection of United States swine with a Chinese highly pathogenic strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.	Guo B, Lager KM, Henningson JN, Miller LC, Schlink SN, Kappes MA, Kehrli ME, Brockmeier SL, Nicholson TL, Yang HC, Faaberg KS.	Virology	10.1016/j.virol.2012.09.013	2013
	Serodiagnosis of pleuropneumonia using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with capsular polysaccharide antigens of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1, 2, 5 and 7.	Bosse JT, Johnson RP, Rosendal S.	Can J Vet Res		1990
	Pasteurella multocida produces a protein with homology to the P6 outer membrane protein of Haemophilus influenzae.	Kasten RW, Hansen LM, Hinojoza J, Bieber D, Ruehl WW, Hirsh DC.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.63.3.989-993.1995	1995
Metabolism	Molecular characterization of an RTX toxin determinant from Actinobacillus suis.	Burrows LL, Lo RY.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.60.6.2166-2173.1992	1992
	Qualitative and quantitative determination of enterobacterial common antigen (ECA) with monoclonal antibodies: expression of ECA by two Actinobacillus species.	Bottger EC, Jurs M, Barrett T, Wachsmuth K, Metzger S, Bitter-Suermann D.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.25.2.377-382.1987	1987
Genetics	Microarray-based comparative genomic profiling of reference strains and selected Canadian field isolates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.	Goure J, Findlay WA, Deslandes V, Bouevitch A, Foote SJ, MacInnes JI, Coulton JW, Nash JH, Jacques M.	BMC Genomics	10.1186/1471-2164-10-88	2009
Enzymology	Simplified procedure for preparation of sensitized latex particles to detect capsular polysaccharides: application to typing and diagnosis of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.	Inzana TJ.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.33.9.2297-2303.1995	1995
Metabolism	A New Family of Capsule Polymerases Generates Teichoic Acid-Like Capsule Polymers in Gram-Negative Pathogens.	Litschko C, Oldrini D, Budde I, Berger M, Meens J, Gerardy-Schahn R, Berti F, Schubert M, Fiebig T.	mBio	10.1128/mbio.00641-18	2018
	Serologic detection of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in swine by capsular polysaccharide-biotin-streptavidin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.	Inzana TJ, Fenwick B.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.39.4.1279-1282.2001	2001
	Analysis of major antigens of Haemophilus (Actinobacillus) pleuropneumoniae and related organisms.	MacInnes JI, Rosendal S.	Infect Immun	10.1128/iai.55.7.1626-1634.1987	1987
Phylogeny	The Changing Face of the Family Enterobacteriaceae (Order: "Enterobacterales"): New Members, Taxonomic Issues, Geographic Expansion, and New Diseases and Disease Syndromes.	Janda JM, Abbott SL.	Clin Microbiol Rev	10.1128/cmr.00174-20	2021
Phylogeny	Detection and identification of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 by multiplex PCR.	Lo TM, Ward CK, Inzana TJ.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.36.6.1704-1710.1998	1998
	Evaluation and field validation of PCR tests for detection of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in subclinically infected pigs.	Fittipaldi N, Broes A, Harel J, Kobisch M, Gottschalk M.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.41.11.5085-5093.2003	2003
Genetics	Genome Sequence of Actinobacillus suis Type Strain ATCC 33415T.	Calcutt MJ, Foecking MF, Mhlanga-Mutangadura T, Reilly TJ	Genome Announc	10.1128/genomeA.00926-14	2014
Phylogeny	Detection and subtyping of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strains by PCR-RFLP analysis of the tbpA and tbpB genes.	de la Puente-Redondo VA, del Blanco NG, Gutierrez-Martin CB, Mendez JN, Rodriquez Ferri EF	Res Microbiol	10.1016/s0923-2508(00)00135-2	2000
Phylogeny	Actinobacillus suis isolated from diseased pigs are phylogenetically related but harbour different number of toxin gene copies in their genomes.	Kulathunga DGRS, Fakher AA, Costa MO	Vet Rec Open	10.1002/vro2.45	2022
Phylogeny	Nicoletella semolina gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of Pasteurellaceae isolated from horses with airway disease.	Kuhnert P, Korczak B, Falsen E, Straub R, Hoops A, Boerlin P, Frey J, Mutters R.	J Clin Microbiol	10.1128/jcm.42.12.5542-5548.2004	2004
Phylogeny	Actinobacillus vicugnae sp. nov., isolated from alpaca (Vicugna pacos).	Kirchner M, Hunt B, Carson T, Duggett N, Muchowski J, Whatmore AM.	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/ijsem.0.003607	2019
Phylogeny	Reclassification of equine isolates previously reported as Actinobacillus equuli, variants of A. equuli, Actinobacillus suis or Bisgaard taxon 11 and proposal of A. equuli subsp. equuli subsp. nov. and A. equuli subsp. haemolyticus subsp. nov.	Christensen H, Bisgaard M, Olsen JE.	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol	10.1099/00207713-52-5-1569	2002

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#123375	Collection of Institut Pasteur ; Curators of the CIP; CIP 103354
#125438	Julia Koblitz, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Rüdiger Pukall, Jörg Overmann: Predicting bacterial phenotypic traits through improved machine learning using high-quality, curated datasets. 2024 ( DOI 10.1101/2024.08.12.607695 )
#125439	Philipp Münch, René Mreches, Martin Binder, Hüseyin Anil Gündüz, Xiao-Yin To, Alice McHardy: deepG: Deep Learning for Genome Sequence Data. R package version 0.3.1 .
#126262	A. Lissin, I. Schober, J. F. Witte, H. Lüken, A. Podstawka, J. Koblitz, B. Bunk, P. Dawyndt, P. Vandamme, P. de Vos, J. Overmann, L. C. Reimer: StrainInfo—the central database for linked microbial strain identifiers. ( DOI 10.1093/database/baaf059 )

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Actinobacillus suis (DSM 22433, ATCC 33415, CCM 5586)

Name and taxonomic classification

Morphology

Cell morphology

Colony morphology

Culture and growth conditions

Culture medium

Culture temp

Physiology and metabolism

Oxygen tolerance

Spore formation

Metabolite utilization

Metabolite production

Metabolite tests

Enzymes

API 20E

API zym

API 50CHac

API ID32E

API NH

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

Isolation source categories

Isolation

Taxonmaps

Interaction and safety

Risk assessment

Sequence information

Genome sequences

Genome browser: GCA_900187155

16S sequences

Genome-based predictions

Predictions

Literature

Literature

References

BacDive

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