Strain identifier

BacDive ID: 5791

Type strain: Yes

Species: Geobacter metallireducens

Strain Designation: GS-15

Strain history: <- D. R. Lovley, US Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, USA; GS-15 <- D. R. Lovley {1987}

NCBI tax ID(s): 28232 (species)

For citation purpose refer to the digital object identifier (doi) of the current version.
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General

@ref: 3051

BacDive-ID: 5791

DSM-Number: 7210

keywords: genome sequence, Bacteria, anaerobe, mesophilic

description: Geobacter metallireducens GS-15 is an anaerobe, mesophilic bacterium that was isolated from mud.

NCBI tax id

  • NCBI tax id: 28232
  • Matching level: species

strain history

  • @ref: 3051
  • history: <- D. R. Lovley, US Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, USA; GS-15 <- D. R. Lovley {1987}

doi: 10.13145/bacdive5791.20230509.8.1

Name and taxonomic classification

LPSN

  • @ref: 20215
  • description: domain/bacteria
  • keyword: phylum/pseudomonadota
  • domain: Bacteria
  • phylum: Pseudomonadota
  • class: Deltaproteobacteria
  • order: Desulfuromonadales
  • family: Geobacteraceae
  • genus: Geobacter
  • species: Geobacter metallireducens
  • full scientific name: Geobacter metallireducens Lovley et al. 1995

@ref: 3051

domain: Bacteria

phylum: Proteobacteria

class: Deltaproteobacteria

order: Desulfuromonadales

family: Geobacteraceae

genus: Geobacter

species: Geobacter metallireducens

full scientific name: Geobacter metallireducens Lovley et al. 1995

strain designation: GS-15

type strain: yes

Culture and growth conditions

culture medium

  • @ref: 3051
  • name: GEOBACTER MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 579)
  • growth: yes
  • link: https://mediadive.dsmz.de/medium/579
  • composition: Name: GEOBACTER MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 579) Composition: Fe(III) citrate 13.5509 g/l Na-acetate 2.4728 g/l NaHCO3 2.4728 g/l NH4Cl 1.48368 g/l NaH2PO4 0.593472 g/l KCl 0.098912 g/l MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.0296736 g/l Nitrilotriacetic acid 0.0148368 g/l NaCl 0.0098912 g/l MnSO4 x H2O 0.0049456 g/l CoSO4 x 7 H2O 0.00178042 g/l ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.00178042 g/l FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.00098912 g/l CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.00098912 g/l NiCl2 x 6 H2O 0.000296736 g/l Na2WO4 x 2 H2O 0.00024728 g/l AlK(SO4)2 x 12 H2O 0.000197824 g/l CuSO4 x 5 H2O 9.8912e-05 g/l H3BO3 9.8912e-05 g/l Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 9.8912e-05 g/l Pyridoxine hydrochloride 9.8912e-05 g/l p-Aminobenzoic acid 4.9456e-05 g/l (DL)-alpha-Lipoic acid 4.9456e-05 g/l Calcium D-(+)-pantothenate 4.9456e-05 g/l Nicotinic acid 4.9456e-05 g/l Riboflavin 4.9456e-05 g/l Thiamine HCl 4.9456e-05 g/l Folic acid 1.97824e-05 g/l Biotin 1.97824e-05 g/l Na2SeO3 x 5 H2O 2.96736e-06 g/l Vitamin B12 9.8912e-07 g/l Distilled water

culture temp

  • @ref: 3051
  • growth: positive
  • type: growth
  • temperature: 30
  • range: mesophilic

Physiology and metabolism

oxygen tolerance

  • @ref: 3051
  • oxygen tolerance: anaerobe

compound production

  • @ref: 3051
  • compound: magnetite

Isolation, sampling and environmental information

isolation

  • @ref: 3051
  • sample type: mud
  • geographic location: Potomac River
  • country: USA
  • origin.country: USA
  • continent: North America

isolation source categories

  • Cat1: #Environmental
  • Cat2: #Terrestrial
  • Cat3: #Mud (Sludge)

Safety information

risk assessment

  • @ref: 3051
  • biosafety level: 1
  • biosafety level comment: Risk group (German classification)

Sequence information

Genome sequences

@refdescriptionaccessionassembly leveldatabaseNCBI tax ID
66792Geobacter metallireducens GS-15GCA_000012925completencbi269799
66792Geobacter metallireducens GS-15269799.8completepatric269799
66792Geobacter metallireducens GS-15269799.19plasmidpatric269799
66792Geobacter metallireducens GS-15637000119completeimg269799

GC content

  • @ref: 3051
  • GC-content: 59
  • method: sequence analysis

Genome-based predictions

predictions

traitpredictionconfidencetraining_data
motileyes86.695no
flagellatedno77.11no
gram-positiveno98.806no
anaerobicyes97.024yes
halophileno94.202no
spore-formingno90.703no
thermophileno78.933yes
glucose-utilno63.46no
aerobicno96.742no
glucose-fermentno86.584no

External links

@ref: 3051

culture collection no.: DSM 7210, ATCC 53774

straininfo link

  • @ref: 75270
  • straininfo: 48383

literature

topicPubmed-IDtitleauthorsjournalDOIyearmeshtopic2
Phylogeny8387263Geobacter metallireducens gen. nov. sp. nov., a microorganism capable of coupling the complete oxidation of organic compounds to the reduction of iron and other metals.Lovley DR, Giovannoni SJ, White DC, Champine JE, Phillips EJ, Gorby YA, Goodwin SArch Microbiol10.1007/BF002909161993Cytochrome c Group/*metabolism, Fatty Acids/*analysis, Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria/chemistry/*metabolism, Iron/*metabolism, Oxidation-Reduction, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/*chemistryMetabolism
Phylogeny11321104Geobacter hydrogenophilus, Geobacter chapellei and Geobacter grbiciae, three new, strictly anaerobic, dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducers.Coates JD, Bhupathiraju VK, Achenbach LA, Mclnerney MJ, Lovley DRInt J Syst Evol Microbiol10.1099/00207713-51-2-5812001Base Composition, Deltaproteobacteria/classification/isolation & purification/*metabolism, Ferric Compounds/*metabolism, Gram-Negative Anaerobic Straight, Curved, and Helical Rods/classification/isolation & purification/*metabolism, Hydrocarbons/metabolism, Iron/*metabolism, Molecular Sequence Data, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, Oxidation-Reduction, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/geneticsMetabolism
Metabolism12378605Reduction kinetics of Fe(III), Co(III), U(VI), Cr(VI), and Tc(VII) in cultures of dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria.Liu C, Gorby YA, Zachara JM, Fredrickson JK, Brown CFBiotechnol Bioeng10.1002/bit.104302002Biodegradation, Environmental, Cells, Cultured, Chromium/metabolism, Cobalt/metabolism, Computer Simulation, Deltaproteobacteria/classification/*metabolism/ultrastructure, Hydrogen/metabolism, Iron/metabolism, Kinetics, Lactic Acid/metabolism, Metals/*metabolism, *Models, Biological, Oxidation-Reduction, Shewanella/classification/*metabolism/ultrastructure, Shewanella putrefaciens/classification/metabolism/ultrastructure, Species Specificity, Technetium/metabolism, Uranium/metabolismPhylogeny
Metabolism15525704Formation of tabular single-domain magnetite induced by Geobacter metallireducens GS-15.Vali H, Weiss B, Li YL, Sears SK, Kim SS, Kirschvink JL, Zhang CLProc Natl Acad Sci U S A10.1073/pnas.04040401012004Crystallization, Ferric Compounds, Ferritins/chemistry/metabolism, Ferrosoferric Oxide, Geobacter/*metabolism, Iron/chemistry/*metabolism, Magnetics, Microscopy, Electron, Oxides/chemistry/*metabolism
Metabolism16086451Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine transformation by biologically reduced ferrihydrite: evolution of Fe mineralogy, surface area, and reaction rates.Williams AG, Gregory KB, Parkin GF, Scherer MMEnviron Sci Technol10.1021/es04905252005Biotransformation, Environmental Monitoring, Ferric Compounds, Ferritins/*chemistry/*metabolism, Geobacter/physiology, Iron/chemistry, Oxidation-Reduction, Rodenticides/*chemistry, Time Factors, Triazines/*chemistry
Metabolism16342534Sustained and complete hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) degradation in zero-valent iron simulated barriers under different microbial conditions.Shrout JD, Larese-Casanova P, Scherer MM, Alvarez PJEnviron Technol10.1080/095933326086184742005Biodegradation, Environmental, Carbon Radioisotopes/metabolism, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Electrophoresis, Geobacter/genetics/*metabolism, Iron/*metabolism, Mass Spectrometry, Phylogeny, Shewanella/genetics/*metabolism, Triazines/*metabolism, Water Pollutants, Chemical/*metabolism, Water Purification/*methodsEnzymology
16349133Abiotic reduction of 4-chloronitrobenzene to 4-chloroaniline in a dissimilatory iron-reducing enrichment culture.Heijman CG, Holliger C, Glaus MA, Schwarzenbach RP, Zeyer JAppl Environ Microbiol10.1128/aem.59.12.4350-4353.19931993
Metabolism16535169Degradation of Monochlorinated and Nonchlorinated Aromatic Compounds under Iron-Reducing Conditions.Kazumi J, Haggblom MM, Young LYAppl Environ Microbiol10.1128/aem.61.11.4069-4073.19951995
Metabolism17144297Novel reduction of mercury (II) by mercury-sensitive dissimilatory metal reducing bacteria.Wiatrowski HA, Ward PM, Barkay TEnviron Sci Technol10.1021/es061046g2006Bacteria/*metabolism, *Biodegradation, Environmental, Cell Count, Electrons, Ferric Compounds/analysis, Geobacter/metabolism, Ions, Mercury/*toxicity, Proteobacteria/metabolism, Pseudomonas/metabolism, Radioisotopes/analysis, Shewanella, Spectrophotometry, Atomic
Metabolism17468285Flux analysis of central metabolic pathways in Geobacter metallireducens during reduction of soluble Fe(III)-nitrilotriacetic acid.Tang YJ, Chakraborty R, Martin HG, Chu J, Hazen TC, Keasling JDAppl Environ Microbiol10.1128/AEM.02986-062007Acetates/metabolism, Carbon/*metabolism, Carbon Isotopes/metabolism, Ferric Compounds/*metabolism, Geobacter/*metabolism, Isoleucine/biosynthesis, Metabolic Networks and Pathways/*physiology, Models, Biological, Nitrilotriacetic Acid/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism
Metabolism18846396Polar lipid fatty acids, LPS-hydroxy fatty acids, and respiratory quinones of three Geobacter strains, and variation with electron acceptor.Hedrick DB, Peacock AD, Lovley DR, Woodard TL, Nevin KP, Long PE, White DCJ Ind Microbiol Biotechnol10.1007/s10295-008-0486-72008Culture Media, Electrons, Environmental Microbiology, Fatty Acids/*analysis/chemistry, Ferrous Compounds/metabolism, Geobacter/*chemistry/*classification/growth & development/metabolism, Lipids/*analysis/chemistry, Lipopolysaccharides/chemistry, Nitrates/metabolism, Quinones/*analysis/chemistry, Vitamin K 2/analysisCultivation
Metabolism19363069Plutonium(V/VI) Reduction by the Metal-Reducing Bacteria Geobacter metallireducens GS-15 and Shewanella oneidensis MR-1.Icopini GA, Lack JG, Hersman LE, Neu MP, Boukhalfa HAppl Environ Microbiol10.1128/AEM.00022-092009Cell Wall/ultrastructure, Geobacter/*metabolism, Metal Nanoparticles, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Oxidation-Reduction, Plutonium/*metabolism, Shewanella/*metabolism, Uranium/metabolism
Metabolism19376902Phenol degradation in the strictly anaerobic iron-reducing bacterium Geobacter metallireducens GS-15.Schleinitz KM, Schmeling S, Jehmlich N, von Bergen M, Harms H, Kleinsteuber S, Vogt C, Fuchs GAppl Environ Microbiol10.1128/AEM.01525-082009Anaerobiosis, Bacterial Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics, Benzoates/metabolism, Biotransformation, Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Gene Order, Genes, Bacterial, Geobacter/genetics/*metabolism, Iron/metabolism, Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics, Multigene Family, Oxidation-Reduction, Phenol/*metabolism, SyntenyEnzymology
Enzymology19584533Identification of the electron transfer flavoprotein as an upregulated enzyme in the benzoate utilization of Desulfotignum balticum.Habe H, Kobuna A, Hosoda A, Kosaka T, Endoh T, Tamura H, Yamane H, Nojiri H, Omori T, Watanabe KBiosci Biotechnol Biochem10.1271/bbb.901602009Amino Acid Sequence, Benzoates/*pharmacology, Carbon/chemistry, Cloning, Molecular, DNA, Bacterial/genetics, Deltaproteobacteria/drug effects/*enzymology/*genetics/growth & development, Electron-Transferring Flavoproteins/*genetics/*metabolism, Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional, Gene Library, Genes, Bacterial/genetics, Molecular Sequence Data, Oxidation-Reduction, Peptides/chemistry/metabolism, Protein Subunits/genetics/metabolism, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid, Up-Regulation/*drug effectsMetabolism
Metabolism19915033Identification of the Geobacter metallireducens bamVW two-component system, involved in transcriptional regulation of aromatic degradation.Juarez JF, Zamarro MT, Barragan MJ, Blazquez B, Boll M, Kuntze K, Garcia JL, Diaz E, Carmona MAppl Environ Microbiol10.1128/AEM.02255-092009Adaptation, Physiological, Artificial Gene Fusion, Bacterial Proteins/biosynthesis, Base Sequence, Binding Sites, Coenzyme A Ligases/biosynthesis, *Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Genes, Reporter, Geobacter/genetics/*metabolism, Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/*metabolism, Molecular Sequence Data, Promoter Regions, Genetic, RNA Polymerase Sigma 54/metabolism, *Signal Transduction, Transcription Initiation Site, beta-Galactosidase/biosynthesis/geneticsGenetics
Genetics23034806The methylomes of six bacteria.Murray IA, Clark TA, Morgan RD, Boitano M, Anton BP, Luong K, Fomenkov A, Turner SW, Korlach J, Roberts RJNucleic Acids Res10.1093/nar/gks8912012Adenine/analogs & derivatives/analysis, Bacillus cereus/genetics, Campylobacter jejuni/genetics, Chromohalobacter/genetics, Cytosine/analogs & derivatives/analysis, *DNA Methylation, DNA Modification Methylases/genetics, DNA, Bacterial/chemistry/metabolism, *Genome, Bacterial, Geobacter/genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Vibrio/geneticsTranscriptome
Proteome23088741Complete genome, catabolic sub-proteomes and key-metabolites of Desulfobacula toluolica Tol2, a marine, aromatic compound-degrading, sulfate-reducing bacterium.Wohlbrand L, Jacob JH, Kube M, Mussmann M, Jarling R, Beck A, Amann R, Wilkes H, Reinhardt R, Rabus REnviron Microbiol10.1111/j.1462-2920.2012.02885.x2012Deltaproteobacteria/classification/*genetics/*metabolism/virology, Energy Metabolism/genetics, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Genes, Bacterial/genetics, *Genome, Bacterial, Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics, Metabolism/genetics, Phylogeny, *Proteome, Signal Transduction, Stress, Physiological/geneticsPhylogeny
Metabolism23668621Arsenic dissolution from Japanese paddy soil by a dissimilatory arsenate-reducing bacterium Geobacter sp. OR-1.Ohtsuka T, Yamaguchi N, Makino T, Sakurai K, Kimura K, Kudo K, Homma E, Dong DT, Amachi SEnviron Sci Technol10.1021/es400231x2013Arsenic/chemistry/*metabolism, Ferric Compounds/chemistry, Geobacter/*metabolism, Soil Microbiology
Metabolism23837558Electron shuttle-mediated biotransformation of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine adsorbed to granular activated carbon.Millerick K, Drew SR, Finneran KTEnviron Sci Technol10.1021/es401641s2013Adsorption, Biotransformation, Carbon/*chemistry, Electrons, Geobacter/metabolism, Groundwater/chemistry, Triazines/chemistry/*metabolism, Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry/metabolism
Enzymology24039739Structure determination and biochemical characterization of a putative HNH endonuclease from Geobacter metallireducens GS-15.Xu SY, Kuzin AP, Seetharaman J, Gutjahr A, Chan SH, Chen Y, Xiao R, Acton TB, Montelione GT, Tong LPLoS One10.1371/journal.pone.00721142013Amino Acid Sequence, Amino Acid Substitution, Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/genetics, Catalytic Domain, Crystallography, X-Ray, DNA Cleavage, DNA Repair Enzymes/*chemistry/genetics, DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase/*chemistry/genetics, Geobacter/*enzymology, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Models, Molecular, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutagenesis, Site-Directed, Polydeoxyribonucleotides/chemistry, Protein Binding, Protein Structure, Quaternary, Protein Structure, Secondary, Substrate SpecificityGenetics
24210595Fe(III) reduction-mediated phosphate removal as vivianite (Fe3(PO4)28H2O) in septic system wastewater.Azam HM, Finneran KTChemosphere10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.0322013Adsorption, Carbonates/chemistry, Ferric Compounds/chemistry, Ferrous Compounds/*chemistry, Iron/*chemistry, Minerals/chemistry, Oxidation-Reduction, Phosphates/analysis/*chemistry, Waste Disposal, Fluid/*methods, Waste Water/*chemistry, Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis/*chemistry
Metabolism24762737Constraint-based modeling of carbon fixation and the energetics of electron transfer in Geobacter metallireducens.Feist AM, Nagarajan H, Rotaru AE, Tremblay PL, Zhang T, Nevin KP, Lovley DR, Zengler KPLoS Comput Biol10.1371/journal.pcbi.10035752014Carbon/*metabolism, *Electron Transport, *Energy Metabolism, Genome, Bacterial, Geobacter/genetics/*metabolism, *Models, BiologicalGenetics
Metabolism25756125Geobacter sp. SD-1 with enhanced electrochemical activity in high-salt concentration solutions.Sun D, Call D, Wang A, Cheng S, Logan BEEnviron Microbiol Rep10.1111/1758-2229.121932014Bioelectric Energy Sources/microbiology, Geobacter/*chemistry/*metabolism, Sodium Chloride/*metabolism
Metabolism29265883Electron Transfer Strategies Regulate Carbonate Mineral and Micropore Formation.Zeng Z, Tice MMAstrobiology10.1089/ast.2016.15602017Bacteria/*metabolism, Carbonates/analysis/*chemistry, Electron Transport, Exobiology/*methods, Ferric Compounds/chemistry, Iron/chemistry, Minerals/analysis/*chemistry, Oxidation-Reduction, Porosity
Enzymology29380032Isolation and characterization of a heterologously expressed bacterial laccase from the anaerobe Geobacter metallireducens.Berini F, Verce M, Ausec L, Rosini E, Tonin F, Pollegioni L, Mandic-Mulec IAppl Microbiol Biotechnol10.1007/s00253-018-8785-z2018Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*isolation & purification/metabolism, Cloning, Molecular, Enzyme Stability, Escherichia coli/genetics/metabolism, *Gene Expression, Geobacter/chemistry/*enzymology/genetics, Hot Temperature, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Laccase/*chemistry/genetics/*isolation & purification/metabolism, Substrate SpecificityPhylogeny
Metabolism30928750Mercury methylation by Geobacter metallireducens GS-15 in the presence of Skeletonema costatum.Ding LY, Zhang YY, Zhang LJ, Fang F, He NN, Liang P, Wu SC, Wong MH, Tao HCSci Total Environ10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.2222019Diatoms/*metabolism, Geobacter/*metabolism, Mercury/*metabolism, Methylation, Methylmercury Compounds/*metabolism, Water Pollutants, Chemical/*metabolism
Metabolism32687325Combined Biotic-Abiotic 2,4-Dinitroanisole Degradation in the Presence of Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine.Niedzwiecka JB, McGee K, Finneran KTEnviron Sci Technol10.1021/acs.est.0c023632020Anisoles, *Ferric Compounds, Geobacter, *Triazines, United States
Metabolism34444543Design of a Microbial Remediation Inoculation Program for Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Sites Based on Degradation Pathways.Li X, He W, Du M, Zheng J, Du X, Li YInt J Environ Res Public Health10.3390/ijerph181687942021Acinetobacter, Biodegradation, Environmental, Geobacter, Hydrocarbons, *Petroleum, *Rhodococcus, Soil, Soil Microbiology, *Soil Pollutants/analysis, Streptomyces
Phylogeny35254233Geobacter benzoatilyticus sp. nov., a novel benzoate-oxidizing, iron-reducing bacterium isolated from petroleum contaminated soil.Yang G, Li Y, Lin A, Zhuang LInt J Syst Evol Microbiol10.1099/ijsem.0.0052812022Bacterial Typing Techniques, Base Composition, Benzoates, DNA, Bacterial/genetics, Fatty Acids/chemistry, *Geobacter/genetics, Iron, Oxidation-Reduction, *Petroleum, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, SoilTranscriptome

Reference

@idauthorscataloguedoi/urltitle
3051Curators of the DSMZLeibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH (DSM 7210)https://www.dsmz.de/collection/catalogue/details/culture/DSM-7210
20215Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M.10.1099/ijsem.0.004332List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ
66792Julia Koblitz, Joaquim Sardà, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Boyke Bunk, Jörg Overmannhttps://diaspora-project.de/progress.html#genomesAutomatically annotated for the DiASPora project (Digital Approaches for the Synthesis of Poorly Accessible Biodiversity Information)
75270Reimer, L.C., Lissin, A.,Schober, I., Witte,J.F., Podstawka, A., Lüken, H., Bunk, B.,Overmann, J.10.60712/SI-ID48383.1StrainInfo: A central database for resolving microbial strain identifiers