Strain identifier
BacDive ID: 2582
Type strain:
Species: Clostridioides difficile
Strain Designation: 1780, McClung 1780, 90556-M6S, 10008
Strain history: CIP <- 1994, J.P. Carlier, Inst. Pasteur, Paris, France: strain 10008 <- ATCC <- F.E. Clark: strain 90556-M6S
NCBI tax ID(s): 1496 (species)
General
@ref: 627
BacDive-ID: 2582
DSM-Number: 1296
keywords: genome sequence, 16S sequence, Bacteria, anaerobe, spore-forming, mesophilic, rod-shaped, toxin production, human pathogen
description: Clostridioides difficile 1780 is an anaerobe, spore-forming, mesophilic human pathogen that produces toxins and was isolated from Human feces.
NCBI tax id
- NCBI tax id: 1496
- Matching level: species
strain history
@ref | history |
---|---|
627 | <- ATCC <- F.E. Clark, USDA 90556-M6S |
67770 | ATCC 9689 <-- F. E. Clark 90556-M6S (L. S. McClung 1780). |
118934 | CIP <- 1994, J.P. Carlier, Inst. Pasteur, Paris, France: strain 10008 <- ATCC <- F.E. Clark: strain 90556-M6S |
doi: 10.13145/bacdive2582.20230509.8.1
Name and taxonomic classification
LPSN
- @ref: 20215
- description: domain/bacteria
- keyword: phylum/bacillota
- domain: Bacteria
- phylum: Bacillota
- class: Clostridia
- order: Eubacteriales
- family: Peptostreptococcaceae
- genus: Clostridioides
- species: Clostridioides difficile
- full scientific name: Clostridioides difficile (Hall and O'Toole 1935) Lawson et al. 2016
synonyms
@ref synonym 20215 Bacillus difficilis 20215 Peptoclostridium difficile 20215 Clostridium difficile
@ref: 627
domain: Bacteria
phylum: Firmicutes
class: Clostridia
order: Clostridiales
family: Peptostreptococcaceae
genus: Clostridioides
species: Clostridioides difficile
full scientific name: Clostridioides difficile (Hall and O'Toole 1935) Lawson et al. 2016
strain designation: 1780, McClung 1780, 90556-M6S, 10008
type strain: yes
Morphology
cell morphology
@ref | cell shape | gram stain | motility |
---|---|---|---|
68367 | rod-shaped | ||
68367 | positive | ||
118934 | rod-shaped | positive | no |
colony morphology
@ref | type of hemolysis | incubation period |
---|---|---|
627 | gamma | 1-2 days |
118934 |
Culture and growth conditions
culture medium
@ref | name | growth | link | composition |
---|---|---|---|---|
627 | FASTIDIOUS ANAEROBE AGAR (DSMZ Medium 1203) | yes | https://mediadive.dsmz.de/medium/1203 | Name: FASTIDIOUS ANAEROBE AGAR (DSMZ Medium 1203) Composition: Horse blood 100.0 g/l Fastidious Anaerobe Agar 45.7 g/l Distilled water |
627 | CHOPPED MEAT MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 78) | yes | https://mediadive.dsmz.de/medium/78 | Name: CHOPPED MEAT MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 78) Composition: Ground beef 500.0 g/l Casitone 30.0 g/l Agar 15.0 g/l Ethanol 9.5 g/l (optional) K2HPO4 5.0 g/l Yeast extract 5.0 g/l L-Cysteine HCl 0.5 g/l Haemin 0.005 g/l (optional) Resazurin 0.001 g/l Vitamin K3 0.0005 g/l (optional) Vitamin K1 (optional) NaOH (optional) Distilled water |
36612 | MEDIUM 20 - for Anaerobic bacteria | yes | Agar (15.000 g);Glucose (5.000 g);Yeast extract (20.000 g);Tryptone (30.000 g);Cysteine hydrochloride (0.500 g);distilled water (1000.000 ml);Hemin solution -M00149 (25.000 ml) | |
118934 | CIP Medium 20 | yes | https://catalogue-crbip.pasteur.fr/fiche_milieu.xhtml?crbip=20 | |
118934 | CIP Medium 187 | yes | https://catalogue-crbip.pasteur.fr/fiche_milieu.xhtml?crbip=187 |
culture temp
@ref | growth | type | temperature | range |
---|---|---|---|---|
627 | positive | growth | 37 | mesophilic |
36612 | positive | growth | 37 | mesophilic |
44808 | positive | growth | 37 | mesophilic |
67770 | positive | growth | 37 | mesophilic |
Physiology and metabolism
oxygen tolerance
@ref | oxygen tolerance |
---|---|
627 | anaerobe |
44808 | anaerobe |
118934 | anaerobe |
spore formation
@ref | spore formation |
---|---|
68367 | yes |
118934 | yes |
compound production
- @ref: 627
- compound: clostridium difficile toxin
metabolite utilization
@ref | Chebi-ID | metabolite | utilization activity | kind of utilization tested |
---|---|---|---|---|
68367 | 16634 | raffinose | - | builds acid from |
68367 | 17057 | cellobiose | - | builds acid from |
68367 | 30849 | L-arabinose | - | builds acid from |
68367 | 17992 | sucrose | - | builds acid from |
68367 | 16199 | urea | - | hydrolysis |
118934 | 4853 | esculin | + | hydrolysis |
118934 | 17632 | nitrate | - | reduction |
118934 | 16301 | nitrite | - | reduction |
118934 | 17632 | nitrate | + | respiration |
68380 | 16199 | urea | - | hydrolysis |
68380 | 16024 | D-mannose | - | fermentation |
68380 | 16634 | raffinose | - | fermentation |
68380 | 29985 | L-glutamate | - | degradation |
68380 | 17632 | nitrate | - | reduction |
68380 | 27897 | tryptophan | - | energy source |
metabolite production
@ref | Chebi-ID | metabolite | production |
---|---|---|---|
118934 | 35581 | indole | no |
68380 | 35581 | indole | no |
metabolite tests
- @ref: 68380
- Chebi-ID: 35581
- metabolite: indole
- indole test: -
enzymes
@ref | value | activity | ec |
---|---|---|---|
627 | catalase | + | 1.11.1.6 |
627 | cytochrome-c oxidase | - | 1.9.3.1 |
68382 | alpha-fucosidase | - | 3.2.1.51 |
68382 | alpha-mannosidase | - | 3.2.1.24 |
68382 | N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase | - | 3.2.1.52 |
68382 | beta-glucosidase | - | 3.2.1.21 |
68382 | alpha-glucosidase | - | 3.2.1.20 |
68382 | beta-glucuronidase | - | 3.2.1.31 |
68382 | beta-galactosidase | - | 3.2.1.23 |
68382 | alpha-galactosidase | - | 3.2.1.22 |
68382 | naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase | - | |
68382 | acid phosphatase | - | 3.1.3.2 |
68382 | alpha-chymotrypsin | - | 3.4.21.1 |
68382 | trypsin | - | 3.4.21.4 |
68382 | cystine arylamidase | - | 3.4.11.3 |
68382 | valine arylamidase | - | |
68382 | leucine arylamidase | - | 3.4.11.1 |
68382 | lipase (C 14) | - | |
68382 | esterase lipase (C 8) | - | |
68382 | esterase (C 4) | + | |
68382 | alkaline phosphatase | - | 3.1.3.1 |
68380 | serine arylamidase | - | |
68380 | glutamyl-glutamate arylamidase | - | |
68380 | histidine arylamidase | - | |
68380 | glycin arylamidase | - | |
68380 | alanine arylamidase | - | 3.4.11.2 |
68380 | tyrosine arylamidase | - | |
68380 | pyrrolidonyl arylamidase | - | 3.4.19.3 |
68380 | leucine arylamidase | - | 3.4.11.1 |
68380 | phenylalanine arylamidase | - | |
68380 | leucyl glycin arylamidase | - | 3.4.11.1 |
68380 | proline-arylamidase | + | 3.4.11.5 |
68380 | L-arginine arylamidase | - | |
68380 | alkaline phosphatase | - | 3.1.3.1 |
68380 | tryptophan deaminase | - | 4.1.99.1 |
68380 | alpha-fucosidase | - | 3.2.1.51 |
68380 | glutamate decarboxylase | - | 4.1.1.15 |
68380 | N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase | - | 3.2.1.52 |
68380 | beta-glucuronidase | - | 3.2.1.31 |
68380 | alpha-arabinosidase | - | 3.2.1.55 |
68380 | beta-glucosidase | - | 3.2.1.21 |
68380 | beta-Galactosidase 6-phosphate | - | |
68380 | beta-galactosidase | - | 3.2.1.23 |
68380 | alpha-galactosidase | - | 3.2.1.22 |
68380 | urease | - | 3.5.1.5 |
68367 | urease | - | 3.5.1.5 |
118934 | oxidase | - | |
118934 | beta-galactosidase | - | 3.2.1.23 |
118934 | gelatinase | - | |
118934 | amylase | - | |
118934 | DNase | - | |
118934 | caseinase | - | 3.4.21.50 |
118934 | tween esterase | + | |
118934 | lecithinase | - | |
118934 | lipase | - | |
118934 | protease | - | |
118934 | urease | - | 3.5.1.5 |
fatty acid profile
fatty acids
@ref fatty acid percentage ECL 44808 C10:0 0.8 10 44808 C12:0 2 12 44808 C14:0 2.1 14 44808 C16:0 12.5 16 44808 C18:0 7 18 44808 C12:0 ISO 0.9 11.608 44808 C16:0 aldehyde 5.4 14.949 44808 C16:0 iso 1.8 15.626 44808 C16:0 ISO DMA ? 1.8 16.107 44808 C16:1 ω7c 5 15.819 44808 C16:1 ω9c 4.3 15.774 44808 C17:0 CYCLO 4 16.888 44808 C17:1 ISO I/C16:0 DMA 15.2 16.481 44808 C18:0 ISO 1.2 17.632 44808 C18:1 ISO H 1.8 17.46 44808 C18:1 ω7c /12t/9t 2.5 17.824 44808 C18:1 ω9c 4.9 17.769 44808 C18:2 ω6,9c/C18:0 ANTE 3.2 17.724 44808 C19:0 CYCLO ω9c 6.4 18.87 44808 C19:1 ISO I 8.4 18.473 44808 Unidentified 1.2 44808 unknown 16.972 4.6 16.972 44808 unknown 9.730 3.2 9.73 - type of FA analysis: whole cell analysis
- method/protocol: CCUG
API zym
@ref | Control | Alkaline phosphatase | Esterase | Esterase Lipase | Lipase | Leucine arylamidase | Valine arylamidase | Cystine arylamidase | Trypsin | alpha- Chymotrypsin | Acid phosphatase | Naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase | alpha- Galactosidase | beta- Galactosidase | beta- Glucuronidase | alpha- Glucosidase | beta- Glucosidase | N-acetyl-beta- glucosaminidase | alpha- Mannosidase | alpha- Fucosidase |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
118934 | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
API 20A
@ref | IND | URE | GLU | MAN | LAC | SAC | MAL | SAL | XYL | ARA | GEL | ESC | GLY | CEL | MNE | MLZ | RAF | SOR | RHA | TRE | SPOR | GRAM | COCC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
627 | - | - | + | + | - | - | - | + | +/- | - | +/- | + | - | - | + | + | - | + | - | + | + | + | - |
627 | +/- | - | +/- | +/- | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | + | - | - | +/- | +/- | - | - | - | +/- | + | + | - |
627 | - | - | + | - | + | - | + | - | - | - | + | - | + | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | + | + | - |
627 | +/- | - | + | + | - | - | - | +/- | +/- | - | - | + | - | - | + | +/- | - | +/- | - | + | + | + | - |
627 | - | - | + | + | - | - | - | + | - | - | + | + | - | - | + | + | - | + | +/- | + |
API rID32A
@ref | URE | ADH Arg | alpha GAL | beta GAL | beta GP | alpha GLU | beta GLU | alpha ARA | beta GUR | beta NAG | MNE | RAF | GDC | alpha FUC | NIT | IND | PAL | ArgA | ProA | LGA | PheA | LeuA | PyrA | TyrA | AlaA | GlyA | HisA | GGA | SerA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
627 | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
627 | - | +/- | - | - | - | +/- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Isolation, sampling and environmental information
isolation
- @ref: 67770
- sample type: Human feces
taxonmaps
- @ref: 69479
- File name: preview.99_78.png
- url: https://microbeatlas.org/index.html?action=taxon&taxon_id=90_2;96_63;97_66;98_71;99_78&stattab=map
- Last taxonomy: Clostridioides difficile
- 16S sequence: NR_112172
- Sequence Identity:
- Total samples: 39293
- soil counts: 528
- aquatic counts: 1013
- animal counts: 37560
- plant counts: 192
Safety information
risk assessment
@ref | pathogenicity human | pathogenicity animal | biosafety level | biosafety level comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
627 | yes | yes | 2 | Risk group (German classification) |
118934 | 2 | Risk group (French classification) |
Sequence information
16S sequences
@ref | description | accession | length | database | NCBI tax ID |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
20218 | Clostridium difficile strain DSM 1296 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence | HM245939 | 844 | ena | 1121308 |
20218 | {16S/23S ribosomal DNA spacer region} [Clostridium difficile, ATCC 9689, Genomic, 271 nt] | S51968 | 271 | ena | 1496 |
627 | Clostridium difficile gene for 16S rRNA, partial sequence, strain: ATCC 9689 | AB075770 | 1466 | ena | 1121308 |
627 | Clostridioides difficile ATCC 9689 = DSM 1296 16S ribosomal RNA, partial sequence | NR_112172 | 1466 | nuccore | 1121308 |
67770 | [Clostridium] difficile gene for 16S ribosomal RNA, partial sequence, strin: JCM 1296 | AB548672 | 1464 | ena | 1121308 |
67770 | Clostridium difficile 16S rRNA gene, strain DSM 11209 | X73450 | 1470 | ena | 1496 |
Genome sequences
@ref | description | accession | assembly level | database | NCBI tax ID |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
66792 | Clostridioides difficile ATCC 9689 = DSM 1296 DSM 1296T | GCA_001077535 | complete | ncbi | 1121308 |
66792 | Clostridioides difficile ATCC 9689 = DSM 1296 | GCA_000438845 | scaffold | ncbi | 1121308 |
66792 | Clostridioides difficile ATCC 9689 = DSM 1296 | GCA_000376285 | contig | ncbi | 1121308 |
66792 | Clostridioides difficile ATCC 9689 = DSM 1296 strain DSM 1296T | 1121308.9 | plasmid | patric | 1121308 |
66792 | Clostridium difficile ATCC 9689 | 1121308.3 | wgs | patric | 1121308 |
66792 | Clostridium difficile ATCC 9689 | 1121308.5 | wgs | patric | 1121308 |
66792 | Peptoclostridium difficile ATCC 9689 = DSM 1296 | 1121308.8 | complete | patric | 1121308 |
66792 | Clostridioides difficile DSM 1296 | 2703719004 | complete | img | 1121308 |
66792 | Clostridioides difficile ATCC 9689 | 2515154168 | draft | img | 1121308 |
66792 | Clostridioides difficile DSM 1296 | 2526164710 | draft | img | 1121308 |
66792 | Clostridioides difficile DSM 1296 | 2869685573 | complete | img | 1121308 |
66792 | Clostridioides difficile strain FDAARGOS_1525 | 1496.16124 | complete | patric | 1496 |
66792 | Clostridioides difficile strain FDAARGOS_1525 | 1496.6388 | complete | patric | 1496 |
66792 | Clostridioides difficile strain FDAARGOS_1525 | 1496.16102 | complete | patric | 1496 |
Genome-based predictions
predictions
trait | prediction | confidence | training_data |
---|---|---|---|
motile | yes | 76.754 | no |
motile | yes | 76.754 | no |
flagellated | no | 69.29 | no |
flagellated | no | 69.29 | no |
gram-positive | yes | 91.605 | yes |
gram-positive | yes | 91.605 | yes |
anaerobic | yes | 98.869 | yes |
anaerobic | yes | 98.869 | yes |
aerobic | no | 97.716 | yes |
aerobic | no | 97.716 | yes |
halophile | no | 93.877 | no |
halophile | no | 93.877 | no |
spore-forming | yes | 94.722 | yes |
spore-forming | yes | 94.722 | yes |
glucose-util | yes | 87.897 | no |
glucose-util | yes | 87.897 | no |
thermophile | no | 92.109 | yes |
thermophile | no | 92.109 | yes |
glucose-ferment | yes | 58.692 | no |
glucose-ferment | yes | 58.692 | no |
External links
@ref: 627
culture collection no.: DSM 1296, ATCC 9689, NCIB 10666, NCTC 11209, CCUG 4938, USDA 90556-M6S, JCM 1296, BCRC 10642, CECT 531, CIP 104282, LMG 15861, LMG 21717, NCIMB 10666
straininfo link
- @ref: 72115
- straininfo: 377146
literature
topic | Pubmed-ID | title | authors | journal | DOI | year | mesh | topic2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Enzymology | 478634 | Purification and characterization of Clostridium difficile toxin. | Rolfe RD, Finegold SM | Infect Immun | 10.1128/iai.25.1.191-201.1979 | 1979 | Bacterial Toxins/analysis/biosynthesis/*isolation & purification, Capillary Permeability, Clostridium/*metabolism, Isoelectric Point, Molecular Weight, Temperature | Phylogeny |
Pathogenicity | 1929250 | In vitro and in vivo evaluation of tiacumicins B and C against Clostridium difficile. | Swanson RN, Hardy DJ, Shipkowitz NL, Hanson CW, Ramer NC, Fernandes PB, Clement JJ | Antimicrob Agents Chemother | 10.1128/AAC.35.6.1108 | 1991 | *Aminoglycosides, Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology/toxicity, Biological Availability, Cecum/drug effects, Clostridioides difficile/*drug effects, Cricetinae, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/drug therapy, Fidaxomicin, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Macrolides, Male, Mesocricetus, Mice, Microbial Sensitivity Tests | Enzymology |
Pathogenicity | 11200373 | Fusidic acid disk diffusion testing of clostridium difficile can be calibrated using single-strain regression analysis. | Oppenheimer M, Kronvall G, Karlsson I, Holst E | Scand J Infect Dis | 10.1080/003655400459540 | 2000 | Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology, Clostridioides difficile/*drug effects, Fusidic Acid/*pharmacology, Humans, Linear Models, *Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods, Regression Analysis | |
Pathogenicity | 16355841 | Adhesion of selected Bifidobacterium strains to human intestinal mucus and the role of adhesion in enteropathogen exclusion. | Collado MC, Gueimonde M, Hernandez M, Sanz Y, Salminen S | J Food Prot | 10.4315/0362-028x-68.12.2672 | 2005 | Analysis of Variance, *Antibiosis, Bacterial Adhesion/*physiology, Bifidobacterium/*physiology, Enterobacteriaceae/*growth & development, Humans, Intestinal Mucosa/*microbiology, Probiotics, Species Specificity | Phylogeny |
Pathogenicity | 16759886 | Inhibition of Clostridium difficile growth and adhesion to enterocytes by Bifidobacterium supernatants. | Trejo FM, Minnaard J, Perez PF, De Antoni GL | Anaerobe | 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2006.03.004 | 2006 | *Antibiosis, *Bacterial Adhesion, Bifidobacterium/*growth & development/physiology, Caco-2 Cells, Clostridioides difficile/*growth & development, Enterocytes/*microbiology, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn | |
Biotechnology | 16924934 | Exopolysaccharides produced by probiotic strains modify the adhesion of probiotics and enteropathogens to human intestinal mucus. | Ruas-Madiedo P, Gueimonde M, Margolles A, de los Reyes-Gavilan CG, Salminen S | J Food Prot | 10.4315/0362-028x-69.8.2011 | 2006 | Antibiosis, Bacterial Adhesion/*physiology, Bifidobacterium/*physiology, Enterobacteriaceae/*growth & development, Food Microbiology, Humans, Intestinal Mucosa/*microbiology, Lactobacillus rhamnosus/*physiology, Polysaccharides, Bacterial/*physiology, *Probiotics, Species Specificity | Pathogenicity |
Pathogenicity | 17080376 | Experimental evaluation of an automated endoscope reprocessor with in situ generation of peracetic acid for disinfection of semicritical devices. | Sattar SA, Kibbee RJ, Tetro JA, Rook TA | Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol | 10.1086/508830 | 2006 | Cross Infection/prevention & control, Disinfectants/*pharmacology, Disinfection/*instrumentation/*methods, Endoscopes/classification/*microbiology, Equipment Contamination/*prevention & control, Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects, Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects, Humans, Infection Control/methods, Peracetic Acid/*pharmacology, Spores, Bacterial/drug effects | Phylogeny |
Metabolism | 21746858 | Identification of a novel virulence factor in Clostridium difficile that modulates toxin sensitivity of cultured epithelial cells. | Miura M, Kato H, Matsushita O | Infect Immun | 10.1128/IAI.00051-11 | 2011 | Actins/metabolism, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Bacterial Proteins/metabolism/*toxicity, Bacterial Toxins/metabolism/*toxicity, Base Sequence, Caco-2 Cells, Cell Line, Clostridioides difficile/genetics/metabolism/*pathogenicity, Culture Media, Conditioned, Enterotoxins/metabolism/*toxicity, Epithelial Cells/*drug effects/microbiology, Glutathione Transferase/metabolism, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sequence Alignment, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Virulence Factors/genetics/*toxicity | Pathogenicity |
Pathogenicity | 22878397 | Sensitivity of pathogenic and commensal bacteria from the human colon to essential oils. | Thapa D, Losa R, Zweifel B, Wallace RJ | Microbiology (Reading) | 10.1099/mic.0.061127-0 | 2012 | Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology, Colon/*microbiology, Gram-Negative Bacteria/*drug effects/growth & development, Gram-Positive Bacteria/*drug effects/growth & development, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Oils, Volatile/*pharmacology, Plant Oils/*pharmacology | |
Pathogenicity | 23437164 | Using phenotype microarrays to determine culture conditions that induce or repress toxin production by Clostridium difficile and other microorganisms. | Lei XH, Bochner BR | PLoS One | 10.1371/journal.pone.0056545 | 2013 | Bacterial Toxins/*chemistry/isolation & purification, Cell Culture Techniques/*methods, Clostridioides difficile/*chemistry/growth & development/pathogenicity, Culture Media/chemistry, Cytotoxins/isolation & purification, Humans, *Protein Array Analysis | Enzymology |
Enzymology | 23772070 | Effect of an oxygen-tolerant bifurcating butyryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase/electron-transferring flavoprotein complex from Clostridium difficile on butyrate production in Escherichia coli. | Aboulnaga el-H, Pinkenburg O, Schiffels J, El-Refai A, Buckel W, Selmer T | J Bacteriol | 10.1128/JB.00321-13 | 2013 | Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism, Butyrates/*metabolism, Butyryl-CoA Dehydrogenase/genetics/*metabolism, Cloning, Molecular, Clostridioides difficile/enzymology/genetics/*metabolism, Electron-Transferring Flavoproteins/genetics/*metabolism, Escherichia coli/genetics/*metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/physiology, *Oxygen, Recombinant Proteins | Metabolism |
Pathogenicity | 24083511 | Growth-Inhibiting and morphostructural effects of constituents identified in Asarum heterotropoides root on human intestinal bacteria. | Perumalsamy H, Jung MY, Hong SM, Ahn YJ | BMC Complement Altern Med | 10.1186/1472-6882-13-245 | 2013 | Asarum/*chemistry, Bacteria/*drug effects, Cell Shape/drug effects, Gastrointestinal Tract/drug effects/*microbiology, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Microbiota/*drug effects, Plant Extracts/chemistry/*pharmacology, Plant Roots/chemistry | |
Pathogenicity | 24422950 | Prevention of Clostridium difficile spore formation by sub-inhibitory concentrations of tigecycline and piperacillin/tazobactam. | Garneau JR, Valiquette L, Fortier LC | BMC Infect Dis | 10.1186/1471-2334-14-29 | 2014 | Anti-Bacterial Agents/*administration & dosage, Ciprofloxacin/administration & dosage, Clostridioides difficile/*drug effects, Humans, Metronidazole/administration & dosage, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Minocycline/administration & dosage/analogs & derivatives, Penicillanic Acid/administration & dosage/analogs & derivatives, Piperacillin/administration & dosage, Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination, Ribotyping, Spores, Bacterial, Tazobactam, Tigecycline, Vancomycin/administration & dosage | |
Pathogenicity | 25181951 | Biofilm formation of Clostridium difficile and susceptibility to Manuka honey. | Hammond EN, Donkor ES, Brown CA | BMC Complement Altern Med | 10.1186/1472-6882-14-329 | 2014 | Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology, Biofilms/*drug effects, Clostridioides difficile/*drug effects/*physiology, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, *Honey, Microbial Sensitivity Tests | |
Pathogenicity | 25298160 | Selective growth-inhibitory effect of 8-hydroxyquinoline towards Clostridium difficile and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum in co-culture analysed by flow cytometry. | Novakova J, Dzunkova M, Musilova S, Vlkova E, Kokoska L, Moya A, D'Auria G | J Med Microbiol | 10.1099/jmm.0.080796-0 | 2014 | Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology, Bifidobacterium/*drug effects/*growth & development, Clostridioides difficile/*drug effects/*growth & development, Flow Cytometry, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, Microbial Interactions, Oxyquinoline/*pharmacology | |
Pathogenicity | 25527140 | Effect of airborne hydrogen peroxide on spores of Clostridium difficile. | Steindl G, Fiedler A, Huhulescu S, Wewalka G, Allerberger F | Wien Klin Wochenschr | 10.1007/s00508-014-0682-6 | 2014 | Aerosols/pharmacology, Air, Cell Proliferation/drug effects/physiology, Cell Survival/drug effects/physiology, Clostridioides difficile/*drug effects/*growth & development, Disinfection/*methods, Equipment Contamination/*prevention & control, Equipment and Supplies/*microbiology, Hydrogen Peroxide/*pharmacology, Spores, Bacterial/drug effects/growth & development | |
Pathogenicity | 26436983 | Monitoring in real time the cytotoxic effect of Clostridium difficile upon the intestinal epithelial cell line HT29. | Valdes L, Gueimonde M, Ruas-Madiedo P | J Microbiol Methods | 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.09.022 | 2015 | Bacterial Toxins/genetics/*metabolism/*toxicity, Cell Proliferation/drug effects, Clostridioides difficile/genetics/*metabolism, Clostridium Infections/*microbiology, Cytological Techniques/*methods, HT29 Cells, Humans, Intestines/*drug effects/*microbiology | Metabolism |
Genetics | 26450746 | Complete Genome Sequence of the Clostridium difficile Type Strain DSM 1296T. | Riedel T, Bunk B, Wittmann J, Thurmer A, Sproer C, Gronow S, Liesegang H, Daniel R, Overmann J | Genome Announc | 10.1128/genomeA.01186-15 | 2015 | ||
26468159 | The effect of polydextrose and probiotic lactobacilli in a Clostridium difficile-infected human colonic model. | Forssten SD, Roytio H, Hibberd AA, Ouwehand AC | Microb Ecol Health Dis | 10.3402/mehd.v26.27988 | 2015 | |||
Pathogenicity | 27133281 | Impact of standard test protocols on sporicidal efficacy. | Wesgate R, Rauwel G, Criquelion J, Maillard JY | J Hosp Infect | 10.1016/j.jhin.2016.03.018 | 2016 | Bacillus subtilis/*drug effects/physiology, Clostridioides difficile/*drug effects/physiology, Disinfectants/*pharmacology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests/*methods/standards, Microbial Viability/*drug effects, Spores, Bacterial/*drug effects/physiology | |
27148250 | Screening of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli Able to Antagonize the Cytotoxic Effect of Clostridium difficile upon Intestinal Epithelial HT29 Monolayer. | Valdes-Varela L, Alonso-Guervos M, Garcia-Suarez O, Gueimonde M, Ruas-Madiedo P | Front Microbiol | 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00577 | 2016 | |||
27242753 | Effect of Bifidobacterium upon Clostridium difficile Growth and Toxicity When Co-cultured in Different Prebiotic Substrates. | Valdes-Varela L, Hernandez-Barranco AM, Ruas-Madiedo P, Gueimonde M | Front Microbiol | 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00738 | 2016 | |||
27375748 | Subboiling Moist Heat Favors the Selection of Enteric Pathogen Clostridium difficile PCR Ribotype 078 Spores in Food. | Rodriguez-Palacios A, Ilic S, LeJeune JT | Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol | 10.1155/2016/1462405 | 2016 | |||
Pathogenicity | 28286152 | Toxin production of Clostridium difficile in sub-MIC of vancomycin and clindamycin alone and in combination with ceftazidime. | Zarandi ER, Mansouri S, Nakhaee N, Sarafzadeh F, Moradi M | Microb Pathog | 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.03.002 | 2017 | Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology, Bacterial Proteins/genetics, Bacterial Toxins/*biosynthesis/genetics, Ceftazidime/*pharmacology, Clindamycin/*pharmacology, Clostridioides difficile/*drug effects/growth & development/isolation & purification/*metabolism, Colony Count, Microbial, Diarrhea/*drug therapy, Drug Combinations, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Enterotoxins/genetics, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/drug effects, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Time Factors, Vancomycin/*pharmacology | Biotechnology |
Pathogenicity | 30273671 | Co-infection of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile GMU1 and Bacillus cereus GMU2 in one patient in Guizhou, China. | Hong W, Cheng Y, Rao F, Yang J, Cui G, Chen Z, Liao J, Huang X, Zhang J, Wang P, Wang S, Wang Y, Guan Z, Qi X | Anaerobe | 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.08.004 | 2018 | Aged, Ampicillin/administration & dosage, Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage, Bacillus cereus/classification/drug effects/genetics/*isolation & purification, China, Clostridioides difficile/drug effects/genetics/*isolation & purification/physiology, Coinfection/diagnosis/drug therapy/*microbiology, Genotype, Humans, Male, Vancomycin/administration & dosage | Phylogeny |
Pathogenicity | 30322417 | From ward to washer: The survival of Clostridium difficile spores on hospital bed sheets through a commercial UK NHS healthcare laundry process. | Tarrant J, Jenkins RO, Laird KT | Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol | 10.1017/ice.2018.255 | 2018 | Clostridioides difficile/*drug effects/physiology, Cross Infection/microbiology/prevention & control/transmission, Disinfectants/pharmacology, Disinfection/*methods, Hospital Units, Housekeeping, Hospital, Humans, Hydrogen Peroxide/*pharmacology, *Laundering, Sodium Hypochlorite/*pharmacology, Spores, Bacterial/*drug effects/physiology, United Kingdom | |
30564210 | Effect of Bifidobacterium breve in Combination With Different Antibiotics on Clostridium difficile. | Yang J, Yang H | Front Microbiol | 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02953 | 2018 | |||
Pathogenicity | 30669805 | [A study on clinical application of a novel reagent detecting toxigenic strains of Clostridium difficile]. | Wang SM, Wang ZY | Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi | 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2018.48.013 | 2018 | Bacterial Toxins, *Clostridioides difficile, *Clostridium Infections, Feces, Humans, Polymerase Chain Reaction | |
Pathogenicity | 31440478 | Antibacterial Activity of Bifidobacterium breve Against Clostridioides difficile. | Yang J, Yang H | Front Cell Infect Microbiol | 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00288 | 2019 | Anti-Bacterial Agents/biosynthesis/pharmacology, *Antibiosis, Bifidobacterium breve/*physiology/ultrastructure, Clostridioides difficile/drug effects/*physiology/ultrastructure, Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests, Enterotoxins/biosynthesis/genetics, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Permeability, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared | |
31921877 | In vitro Study of Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-1518 in Healthy and Clostridioides difficile Colonized Elderly Gut Microbiota. | Fehlbaum S, Chassard C, Schwab C, Voolaid M, Fourmestraux C, Derrien M, Lacroix C | Front Nutr | 10.3389/fnut.2019.00184 | 2019 | |||
Pathogenicity | 32140903 | The effect of berberine chloride and/or its combination with vancomycin on the growth, biofilm formation, and motility of Clostridioides difficile. | Wultanska D, Piotrowski M, Pituch H | Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis | 10.1007/s10096-020-03857-0 | 2020 | Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology, Berberine/chemistry/*pharmacology, Biofilms/*drug effects/growth & development, Chlorides/chemistry/pharmacology, Clostridioides difficile/classification/*drug effects/isolation & purification/physiology, Clostridium Infections/microbiology, Drug Synergism, Humans, Locomotion/*drug effects, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Microbial Viability/drug effects, Vancomycin/*pharmacology | Phylogeny |
32322375 | Toxin A and B genes expression of Clostridium difficile in the sub-minimum inhibitory concentration of clindamycin, vancomycin and in combination with ceftazidime. | Moradi M, Mansouri S, Nakhaee N, Sarafzadeh F, Zarandi ER | Iran J Microbiol | 2020 | ||||
Transcriptome | 32849451 | Transcriptome Analysis of the Clostridioides difficile Response to Different Doses of Bifidobacterium breve. | Yang J, Yang H | Front Microbiol | 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01863 | 2020 | ||
34451391 | 2'FL and LNnT Exert Antipathogenic Effects against C. difficile ATCC 9689 In Vitro, Coinciding with Increased Levels of Bifidobacteriaceae and/or Secondary Bile Acids. | Vigsnaes LK, Ghyselinck J, Van den Abbeele P, McConnell B, Moens F, Marzorati M, Bajic D | Pathogens | 10.3390/pathogens10080927 | 2021 | |||
Pathogenicity | 35278711 | Molecular characterization of Clostridioides difficile by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST): A study from tertiary care center in India. | Chaudhry R, Sharma N, Bahadur T, Khullar S, Agarwal SK, Gahlowt A, Gupta N, Kumar L, Kabra SK, Dey AB | Anaerobe | 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102545 | 2022 | *Bacterial Toxins/genetics, Clostridioides, *Clostridioides difficile/genetics, *Clostridium Infections/diagnosis/epidemiology, Diarrhea/epidemiology, Humans, Multilocus Sequence Typing, Tertiary Care Centers | |
36364211 | The Effect of Selected Bee Products on Adhesion and Biofilm of Clostridioides difficile Strains Belonging to Different Ribotypes. | Wultanska D, Paterczyk B, Nowakowska J, Pituch H | Molecules | 10.3390/molecules27217385 | 2022 | Bees, Animals, Ribotyping, *Clostridioides difficile, Clostridioides, *Propolis/pharmacology, Biofilms, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, *Honey, Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use |
Reference
@id | authors | catalogue | doi/url | title | journal | pubmed |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
627 | Curators of the DSMZ | Leibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH (DSM 1296) | https://www.dsmz.de/collection/catalogue/details/culture/DSM-1296 | |||
20215 | Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M. | 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 | List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ | |||
20218 | Verslyppe, B., De Smet, W., De Baets, B., De Vos, P., Dawyndt P. | 10.1016/j.syapm.2013.11.002 | StrainInfo introduces electronic passports for microorganisms. | Syst Appl Microbiol. 37: 42-50 2014 | 24321274 | |
36612 | Curators of the CIP | https://brclims.pasteur.fr/brcWeb/souche/detail/1/16173 | ||||
44808 | Curators of the CCUG | Culture Collection University of Gothenburg (CCUG) (CCUG 4938) | https://www.ccug.se/strain?id=4938 | |||
66792 | Julia Koblitz, Joaquim Sardà, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Boyke Bunk, Jörg Overmann | https://diaspora-project.de/progress.html#genomes | Automatically annotated for the DiASPora project (Digital Approaches for the Synthesis of Poorly Accessible Biodiversity Information) | |||
67770 | Curators of the JCM | https://jcm.brc.riken.jp/en/ | ||||
68367 | Automatically annotated from API 20A | |||||
68380 | Automatically annotated from API rID32A | |||||
68382 | Automatically annotated from API zym | |||||
69479 | João F Matias Rodrigues, Janko Tackmann,Gregor Rot, Thomas SB Schmidt, Lukas Malfertheiner, Mihai Danaila,Marija Dmitrijeva, Daniela Gaio, Nicolas Näpflin and Christian von Mering. University of Zurich. | https://microbeatlas.org/ | MicrobeAtlas 1.0 beta | |||
72115 | Reimer, L.C., Lissin, A.,Schober, I., Witte,J.F., Podstawka, A., Lüken, H., Bunk, B.,Overmann, J. | 10.60712/SI-ID377146.1 | StrainInfo: A central database for resolving microbial strain identifiers | |||
118934 | Curators of the CIP | Collection of Institut Pasteur (CIP 104282) | https://catalogue-crbip.pasteur.fr/fiche_catalogue.xhtml?crbip=CIP%20104282 |