Strain identifier
BacDive ID: 22963
Type strain: 
Species: Clostridioides difficile
Strain Designation: R20291
Strain history: <- P. Bracegirdle, Health Protection Agency Culture Collections, Salisbury, United Kingdom; NCTC 13366
NCBI tax ID(s): 1496 (species)
version 8.1 (current version)
General
@ref: 18803
BacDive-ID: 22963
DSM-Number: 27147
keywords: genome sequence, Bacteria, anaerobe, spore-forming, mesophilic, rod-shaped, human pathogen
description: Clostridioides difficile R20291 is an anaerobe, spore-forming, mesophilic human pathogen that was isolated from Faeces from a symptomatic patient. Outbreak at Stoke Mandeville Hospital, UK.
NCBI tax id
- NCBI tax id: 1496
- Matching level: species
strain history
- @ref: 18803
- history: <- P. Bracegirdle, Health Protection Agency Culture Collections, Salisbury, United Kingdom; NCTC 13366
doi: 10.13145/bacdive22963.20230509.8.1
Name and taxonomic classification
LPSN
- @ref: 20215
- description: domain/bacteria
- keyword: phylum/bacillota
- domain: Bacteria
- phylum: Bacillota
- class: Clostridia
- order: Eubacteriales
- family: Peptostreptococcaceae
- genus: Clostridioides
- species: Clostridioides difficile
- full scientific name: Clostridioides difficile (Hall and O'Toole 1935) Lawson et al. 2016
synonyms
@ref synonym 20215 Bacillus difficilis 20215 Peptoclostridium difficile 20215 Clostridium difficile
@ref: 18803
domain: Bacteria
phylum: Firmicutes
class: Clostridia
order: Clostridiales
family: Peptostreptococcaceae
genus: Clostridioides
species: Clostridioides difficile
full scientific name: Clostridioides difficile (Hall and O'Toole 1935) Lawson et al. 2016
strain designation: R20291
type strain: no
Morphology
cell morphology
| @ref | cell shape | gram stain | motility | confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 68367 | rod-shaped | |||
| 68367 | positive | |||
| 69480 | yes | 90.615 | ||
| 69480 | negative | 99.996 |
colony morphology
- @ref: 18803
- type of hemolysis: gamma
- incubation period: 1-2 days
Culture and growth conditions
culture medium
| @ref | name | growth | link | composition |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18803 | FASTIDIOUS ANAEROBE AGAR (DSMZ Medium 1203) | yes | https://mediadive.dsmz.de/medium/1203 | Name: FASTIDIOUS ANAEROBE AGAR (DSMZ Medium 1203) Composition: Horse blood 100.0 g/l Fastidious Anaerobe Agar 45.7 g/l Distilled water |
| 18803 | CHOPPED MEAT MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 78) | yes | https://mediadive.dsmz.de/medium/78 | Name: CHOPPED MEAT MEDIUM (DSMZ Medium 78) Composition: Ground beef 500.0 g/l Casitone 30.0 g/l Agar 15.0 g/l Ethanol 9.5 g/l (optional) K2HPO4 5.0 g/l Yeast extract 5.0 g/l L-Cysteine HCl 0.5 g/l Haemin 0.005 g/l (optional) Resazurin 0.001 g/l Vitamin K3 0.0005 g/l (optional) Vitamin K1 (optional) NaOH (optional) Distilled water |
culture temp
- @ref: 18803
- growth: positive
- type: growth
- temperature: 37
- range: mesophilic
Physiology and metabolism
oxygen tolerance
- @ref: 18803
- oxygen tolerance: anaerobe
spore formation
| @ref | spore formation | confidence |
|---|---|---|
| 68367 | yes | |
| 69481 | no | 100 |
| 69480 | no | 99.996 |
metabolite utilization
| @ref | Chebi-ID | metabolite | utilization activity | kind of utilization tested |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 68367 | 62345 | L-rhamnose | - | builds acid from |
| 68367 | 16634 | raffinose | - | builds acid from |
| 68367 | 17754 | glycerol | - | builds acid from |
| 68367 | 4853 | esculin | + | hydrolysis |
| 68367 | 30849 | L-arabinose | - | builds acid from |
| 68367 | 17306 | maltose | - | builds acid from |
| 68367 | 17992 | sucrose | - | builds acid from |
| 68367 | 17716 | lactose | - | builds acid from |
| 68367 | 16199 | urea | - | hydrolysis |
| 68367 | 27897 | tryptophan | - | energy source |
| 68380 | 16199 | urea | - | hydrolysis |
| 68380 | 16634 | raffinose | - | fermentation |
| 68380 | 29985 | L-glutamate | - | degradation |
| 68380 | 17632 | nitrate | - | reduction |
| 68380 | 27897 | tryptophan | - | energy source |
metabolite production
| @ref | Chebi-ID | metabolite | production |
|---|---|---|---|
| 68367 | 35581 | indole | no |
| 68380 | 35581 | indole | no |
metabolite tests
| @ref | Chebi-ID | metabolite | indole test |
|---|---|---|---|
| 68380 | 35581 | indole | - |
| 68367 | 35581 | indole | - |
enzymes
| @ref | value | activity | ec |
|---|---|---|---|
| 18803 | catalase | + | 1.11.1.6 |
| 18803 | cytochrome-c oxidase | - | 1.9.3.1 |
| 68380 | serine arylamidase | - | |
| 68380 | glutamyl-glutamate arylamidase | - | |
| 68380 | histidine arylamidase | - | |
| 68380 | glycin arylamidase | - | |
| 68380 | alanine arylamidase | - | 3.4.11.2 |
| 68380 | tyrosine arylamidase | - | |
| 68380 | phenylalanine arylamidase | - | |
| 68380 | leucyl glycin arylamidase | - | 3.4.11.1 |
| 68380 | proline-arylamidase | + | 3.4.11.5 |
| 68380 | L-arginine arylamidase | - | |
| 68380 | alkaline phosphatase | - | 3.1.3.1 |
| 68380 | tryptophan deaminase | - | 4.1.99.1 |
| 68380 | alpha-fucosidase | - | 3.2.1.51 |
| 68380 | glutamate decarboxylase | - | 4.1.1.15 |
| 68380 | N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase | - | 3.2.1.52 |
| 68380 | beta-glucuronidase | - | 3.2.1.31 |
| 68380 | alpha-arabinosidase | - | 3.2.1.55 |
| 68380 | alpha-glucosidase | - | 3.2.1.20 |
| 68380 | beta-Galactosidase 6-phosphate | - | |
| 68380 | beta-galactosidase | - | 3.2.1.23 |
| 68380 | alpha-galactosidase | - | 3.2.1.22 |
| 68380 | urease | - | 3.5.1.5 |
| 68367 | beta-glucosidase | + | 3.2.1.21 |
| 68367 | urease | - | 3.5.1.5 |
API 20A
| @ref | IND | URE | GLU | MAN | LAC | SAC | MAL | SAL | XYL | ARA | GEL | ESC | GLY | CEL | MNE | MLZ | RAF | SOR | RHA | TRE | CAT | SPOR | GRAM | COCC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18803 | - | - | + | + | - | - | - | + | + | - | + | + | - | - | + | + | - | + | - | + | ||||
| 18803 | - | - | + | + | - | - | - | + | +/- | - | + | + | - | - | + | + | - | + | - | + | ||||
| 18803 | - | - | + | + | - | - | - | + | +/- | - | + | + | - | - | + | + | - | + | - | + | ||||
| 18803 | - | - | + | + | - | - | - | + | +/- | - | + | + | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | +/- | ||||
| 18803 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | +/- | + | + | - |
| 18803 | - | - | +/- | +/- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | +/- | +/- | - | - | - | +/- | ||||
| 18803 | - | - | + | + | - | - | - | + | - | - | + | + | - | - | + | + | - | - | - | + | ||||
| 18803 | - | - | + | + | - | - | - | + | + | - | + | + | - | +/- | + | +/- | - | - | - | + |
API rID32A
| @ref | URE | ADH Arg | alpha GAL | beta GAL | beta GP | alpha GLU | beta GLU | alpha ARA | beta GUR | beta NAG | MNE | RAF | GDC | alpha FUC | NIT | IND | PAL | ArgA | ProA | LGA | PheA | LeuA | PyrA | TyrA | AlaA | GlyA | HisA | GGA | SerA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18803 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | +/- | +/- | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 18803 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 18803 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 18803 | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 18803 | - | +/- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 18803 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 18803 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | +/- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 18803 | - | - | - | - | - | - | +/- | - | - | - | +/- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | +/- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Isolation, sampling and environmental information
isolation
- @ref: 18803
- sample type: Faeces from a symptomatic patient. Outbreak at Stoke Mandeville Hospital, UK
- geographic location: Buckinghamshire, Aylesbury
- country: United Kingdom
- origin.country: GBR
- continent: Europe
isolation source categories
| Cat1 | Cat2 | Cat3 |
|---|---|---|
| #Infection | #Disease | |
| #Infection | #Medical environment | #Clinic |
| #Infection | #Patient | |
| #Host Body Product | #Gastrointestinal tract | #Feces (Stool) |
Safety information
risk assessment
- @ref: 18803
- pathogenicity human: yes
- pathogenicity animal: yes
- biosafety level: 2
- biosafety level comment: Risk group (German classification)
Sequence information
Genome sequences
| @ref | description | accession | assembly level | database | NCBI tax ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 66792 | Clostridioides difficile R20291 | GCA_015732555 | complete | ncbi | 645463 |
| 66792 | Clostridioides difficile R20291 | GCA_000027105 | chromosome | ncbi | 645463 |
| 66792 | Clostridioides difficile R20291 | 645463.57 | complete | patric | 645463 |
| 66792 | Clostridioides difficile strain NCTC13366 | 1496.3367 | wgs | patric | 1496 |
| 66792 | Clostridioides difficile R20291 | 646311915 | complete | img | 645463 |
| 66792 | Clostridioides difficile R20291 | GCA_027625435 | complete | ncbi | 645463 |
Genome-based predictions
predictions
| trait | prediction | confidence | training_data |
|---|---|---|---|
| spore-forming | no | 100 | no |
| flagellated | no | 67.007 | no |
| gram-positive | yes | 92.03 | yes |
| anaerobic | yes | 98.78 | yes |
| aerobic | no | 97.431 | yes |
| halophile | no | 93.978 | no |
| spore-forming | yes | 94.627 | yes |
| thermophile | no | 92.114 | yes |
| glucose-util | yes | 88.83 | no |
| motile | yes | 76.772 | no |
| glucose-ferment | yes | 58.022 | no |
External links
@ref: 18803
culture collection no.: DSM 27147, NCTC 13366
straininfo link
- @ref: 87210
- straininfo: 405772
literature
| topic | Pubmed-ID | title | authors | journal | DOI | year | mesh | topic2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pathogenicity | 19781061 | Comparative genome and phenotypic analysis of Clostridium difficile 027 strains provides insight into the evolution of a hypervirulent bacterium. | Stabler RA, He M, Dawson L, Martin M, Valiente E, Corton C, Lawley TD, Sebaihia M, Quail MA, Rose G, Gerding DN, Gibert M, Popoff MR, Parkhill J, Dougan G, Wren BW | Genome Biol | 10.1186/gb-2009-10-9-r102 | 2009 | 3T3 Cells, Animals, Bacterial Proteins/pharmacology, Bacterial Toxins/pharmacology, CHO Cells, Caco-2 Cells, Cell Line, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Survival/drug effects, Chlorocebus aethiops, Clostridioides difficile/classification/*genetics/pathogenicity, Cricetinae, Cricetulus, *Evolution, Molecular, Genes, Bacterial/genetics, Genome, Bacterial/*genetics, Genomics/*methods, HeLa Cells, Humans, Mice, Phenotype, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Ribotyping, Species Specificity, Vero Cells, Virulence/genetics | Phylogeny |
| Pathogenicity | 19933358 | SleC is essential for germination of Clostridium difficile spores in nutrient-rich medium supplemented with the bile salt taurocholate. | Burns DA, Heap JT, Minton NP | J Bacteriol | 10.1128/JB.01209-09 | 2009 | Bacterial Proteins/genetics/*physiology, Clostridioides difficile/drug effects/genetics/*growth & development, Colony Count, Microbial, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/drug effects/genetics, Genetic Complementation Test, Hot Temperature, Microbial Viability/drug effects/genetics, Spores, Bacterial/drug effects/genetics/*growth & development, Taurocholic Acid/pharmacology | Stress |
| Pathogenicity | 20023081 | A mariner-based transposon system for in vivo random mutagenesis of Clostridium difficile. | Cartman ST, Minton NP | Appl Environ Microbiol | 10.1128/AEM.02525-09 | 2009 | Base Sequence, Chromosome Mapping, Clostridioides difficile/*genetics/pathogenicity/physiology, DNA Primers/genetics, *DNA Transposable Elements, DNA, Bacterial/genetics, DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics, Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/microbiology, Gene Library, Genes, Bacterial, Humans, Mutagenesis, Insertional/*methods, Phenotype, Plasmids/genetics, Transposases/*genetics | Phenotype |
| 20713671 | Demonstration of conjugative transposon (Tn5397)-mediated horizontal gene transfer between Clostridium difficile and Enterococcus faecalis. | Jasni AS, Mullany P, Hussain H, Roberts AP | Antimicrob Agents Chemother | 10.1128/AAC.00496-10 | 2010 | Clostridioides difficile/*genetics, DNA Transposable Elements/*genetics, Enterococcus faecalis/*genetics, Gene Transfer, Horizontal/*genetics | ||
| 21327033 | In-depth genetic analysis of Clostridium difficile PCR-ribotype 027 strains reveals high genome fluidity including point mutations and inversions. | Stabler RA, Valiente E, Dawson LF, He M, Parkhill J, Wren BW | Gut Microbes | 10.4161/gmic.1.4.11870 | 2010 | |||
| Pathogenicity | 21330415 | Infection of hamsters with the UK Clostridium difficile ribotype 027 outbreak strain R20291. | Buckley AM, Spencer J, Candlish D, Irvine JJ, Douce GR | J Med Microbiol | 10.1099/jmm.0.028514-0 | 2011 | Animals, Clostridioides difficile/*classification, Clostridium Infections/epidemiology/*microbiology, Cricetinae, *Disease Outbreaks, Female, Humans, Kinetics, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, *Ribotyping, United Kingdom/epidemiology | Enzymology |
| Pathogenicity | 21458683 | Efficacy of "sporicidal" wipes against Clostridium difficile. | Siani H, Cooper C, Maillard JY | Am J Infect Control | 10.1016/j.ajic.2011.01.006 | 2011 | Bacterial Load, Clostridioides difficile/*drug effects/isolation & purification, Disinfectants/*pharmacology, Disinfection/*methods, Environmental Microbiology, Humans, Microbial Viability/drug effects, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Spores, Bacterial/*drug effects/isolation & purification | Enzymology |
| Metabolism | 21527013 | The analysis of para-cresol production and tolerance in Clostridium difficile 027 and 012 strains. | Dawson LF, Donahue EH, Cartman ST, Barton RH, Bundy J, McNerney R, Minton NP, Wren BW | BMC Microbiol | 10.1186/1471-2180-11-86 | 2011 | Anti-Bacterial Agents/*metabolism/*toxicity, Clostridioides difficile/*drug effects/*metabolism, Cresols/*metabolism/*toxicity, *Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Gene Knockout Techniques, Genes, Bacterial, Humans, Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics, Operon, Tyrosine/metabolism | Pathogenicity |
| Pathogenicity | 21876735 | Genetic organisation, mobility and predicted functions of genes on integrated, mobile genetic elements in sequenced strains of Clostridium difficile. | Brouwer MS, Warburton PJ, Roberts AP, Mullany P, Allan E | PLoS One | 10.1371/journal.pone.0023014 | 2011 | Bacterial Proteins/metabolism, Base Sequence, Clostridioides difficile/*genetics, Conjugation, Genetic, DNA Transposable Elements/*genetics, DNA, Bacterial/genetics, DNA, Circular/genetics, Gene Transfer, Horizontal/*genetics, Genes, Bacterial/*genetics, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, *Sequence Analysis, DNA | Genetics |
| Phylogeny | 22267673 | Behavior and target site selection of conjugative transposon Tn916 in two different strains of toxigenic Clostridium difficile. | Mullany P, Williams R, Langridge GC, Turner DJ, Whalan R, Clayton C, Lawley T, Hussain H, McCurrie K, Morden N, Allan E, Roberts AP | Appl Environ Microbiol | 10.1128/AEM.06193-11 | 2012 | Bacillus subtilis/genetics, Bacterial Proteins/*genetics/metabolism, Base Sequence, Chromosome Mapping, Clostridioides difficile/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification/ultrastructure, *Conjugation, Genetic, DNA Transposable Elements/*genetics, DNA, Bacterial/genetics, Flagella/metabolism, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Humans, *Mutagenesis, Insertional, Mutation, Ribotyping, Species Specificity | Metabolism |
| Genetics | 22522680 | Precise manipulation of the Clostridium difficile chromosome reveals a lack of association between the tcdC genotype and toxin production. | Cartman ST, Kelly ML, Heeg D, Heap JT, Minton NP | Appl Environ Microbiol | 10.1128/AEM.00249-12 | 2012 | Bacterial Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism, Bacterial Toxins/*biosynthesis, Clostridioides difficile/*genetics/*pathogenicity, DNA, Bacterial/chemistry/genetics, Escherichia coli/genetics, Frameshift Mutation, Gene Deletion, Genetics, Microbial/methods, Genotype, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutagenesis, Insertional, Recombination, Genetic, Repressor Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism, Sequence Analysis, DNA | Metabolism |
| Pathogenicity | 23175653 | Multiple factors modulate biofilm formation by the anaerobic pathogen Clostridium difficile. | Ethapa T, Leuzzi R, Ng YK, Baban ST, Adamo R, Kuehne SA, Scarselli M, Minton NP, Serruto D, Unnikrishnan M | J Bacteriol | 10.1128/JB.01980-12 | 2012 | Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology, Bacterial Adhesion, Biofilms/drug effects/*growth & development, Clostridioides difficile/classification/drug effects/*physiology, Flagella, Membrane Proteins/physiology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Quorum Sensing, Spores, Bacterial, Time Factors, Vancomycin/pharmacology, Vancomycin Resistance | Phylogeny |
| 23236376 | Characterisation of Clostridium difficile biofilm formation, a role for Spo0A. | Dawson LF, Valiente E, Faulds-Pain A, Donahue EH, Wren BW | PLoS One | 10.1371/journal.pone.0050527 | 2012 | Bacterial Proteins/*physiology, Biofilms/*growth & development, Clostridioides difficile/*physiology, Spores, Bacterial/*growth & development | ||
| Genetics | 23405251 | Expanding the repertoire of gene tools for precise manipulation of the Clostridium difficile genome: allelic exchange using pyrE alleles. | Ng YK, Ehsaan M, Philip S, Collery MM, Janoir C, Collignon A, Cartman ST, Minton NP | PLoS One | 10.1371/journal.pone.0056051 | 2013 | Alleles, Bacterial Proteins/*genetics, Clostridioides difficile/*genetics/growth & development, DNA, Bacterial/genetics, Genetic Complementation Test, Genetic Vectors/*genetics, Genome, Bacterial/*genetics, Phenotype, Sequence Deletion | Phenotype |
| Pathogenicity | 23415847 | Clostridium-DT(DB): a comprehensive database for potential drug targets of Clostridium difficile. | Jadhav A, Ezhilarasan V, Prakash Sharma O, Pan A | Comput Biol Med | 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2013.01.009 | 2013 | Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology, Clostridioides difficile/*drug effects/*genetics, Clostridium Infections/drug therapy, Computational Biology/methods, *Databases, Factual, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/*genetics, Genes, Bacterial, Genomics/methods, Internet, Intestines/microbiology, Technology, Pharmaceutical/methods, User-Computer Interface | Genetics |
| Genetics | 23772065 | The agr locus regulates virulence and colonization genes in Clostridium difficile 027. | Martin MJ, Clare S, Goulding D, Faulds-Pain A, Barquist L, Browne HP, Pettit L, Dougan G, Lawley TD, Wren BW | J Bacteriol | 10.1128/JB.00473-13 | 2013 | Amino Acid Sequence, Bacterial Proteins/genetics/*metabolism, Chromosome Mapping, Chromosomes, Bacterial, Clostridioides difficile/genetics/*metabolism/*pathogenicity, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/*physiology, Genome, Bacterial, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutagenesis, Insertional, RNA, Bacterial/genetics/metabolism, Regulon, Virulence | Metabolism |
| Metabolism | 23794627 | The Clostridium difficile exosporium cysteine (CdeC)-rich protein is required for exosporium morphogenesis and coat assembly. | Barra-Carrasco J, Olguin-Araneda V, Plaza-Garrido A, Miranda-Cardenas C, Cofre-Araneda G, Pizarro-Guajardo M, Sarker MR, Paredes-Sabja D | J Bacteriol | 10.1128/JB.00369-13 | 2013 | Bacterial Adhesion, Bacterial Proteins/genetics/*metabolism, Cell Line, Clostridioides difficile/*cytology/*enzymology/metabolism/physiology, Epithelial Cells/microbiology, Gene Deletion, Humans, Spores, Bacterial/*cytology/*enzymology/metabolism/physiology | Enzymology |
| Metabolism | 23922820 | Clostridium difficile modulates host innate immunity via toxin-independent and dependent mechanism(s). | Jafari NV, Kuehne SA, Bryant CE, Elawad M, Wren BW, Minton NP, Allan E, Bajaj-Elliott M | PLoS One | 10.1371/journal.pone.0069846 | 2013 | Animals, Cell Line, Clostridioides difficile/*immunology, Clostridium Infections/*immunology, Immunity, Innate/*immunology, Interleukin-12/metabolism, Interleukin-1beta/metabolism, Interleukin-23/metabolism, Interleukin-6/metabolism, Mice | Pathogenicity |
| Pathogenicity | 23935202 | Importance of toxin A, toxin B, and CDT in virulence of an epidemic Clostridium difficile strain. | Kuehne SA, Collery MM, Kelly ML, Cartman ST, Cockayne A, Minton NP | J Infect Dis | 10.1093/infdis/jit426 | 2013 | ADP Ribose Transferases/genetics/*physiology, Animals, Bacterial Proteins/genetics/*physiology, Bacterial Toxins/genetics, Cell Death, Clostridioides difficile/genetics/*pathogenicity, Clostridium Infections/*microbiology/pathology, Cricetinae, Enterotoxins/genetics/*physiology, Female, HT29 Cells, Humans, Mesocricetus, Virulence/genetics/physiology | |
| Pathogenicity | 24086268 | The role of flagella in Clostridium difficile pathogenesis: comparison between a non-epidemic and an epidemic strain. | Baban ST, Kuehne SA, Barketi-Klai A, Cartman ST, Kelly ML, Hardie KR, Kansau I, Collignon A, Minton NP | PLoS One | 10.1371/journal.pone.0073026 | 2013 | Bacterial Toxins/metabolism, Clostridioides difficile/classification/metabolism/*pathogenicity, Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/epidemiology/*microbiology/physiopathology, Flagella/*physiology, Humans, Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology, Species Specificity | Phylogeny |
| Metabolism | 24303041 | Identification of a novel zinc metalloprotease through a global analysis of Clostridium difficile extracellular proteins. | Cafardi V, Biagini M, Martinelli M, Leuzzi R, Rubino JT, Cantini F, Norais N, Scarselli M, Serruto D, Unnikrishnan M | PLoS One | 10.1371/journal.pone.0081306 | 2013 | Amino Acid Sequence, Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism, Catalysis, Clostridioides difficile/genetics/*metabolism, Enzyme Activation, Extracellular Space/metabolism, Fibrinogen/metabolism, Fibroblasts, Fibronectins/metabolism, Humans, Metalloproteases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutagenesis, Site-Directed, Protein Transport, Proteolysis, *Proteomics, Recombinant Proteins/genetics/metabolism, Sequence Alignment, Zinc/*metabolism | Pathogenicity |
| 24550179 | Identification, immunogenicity, and cross-reactivity of type IV pilin and pilin-like proteins from Clostridium difficile. | Maldarelli GA, De Masi L, von Rosenvinge EC, Carter M, Donnenberg MS | Pathog Dis | 10.1111/2049-632X.12137 | 2014 | Animals, Antibodies, Bacterial/blood, Antigens, Bacterial/*genetics/*immunology, Bacterial Vaccines/administration & dosage/immunology, Clostridioides difficile/*genetics/*immunology, Evolution, Molecular, Fimbriae Proteins/*genetics/*immunology, Genetic Variation, Guinea Pigs, Mice, Mutation, Rabbits, Selection, Genetic, Vaccines, Subunit/administration & dosage/immunology | ||
| Metabolism | 24720767 | The spore-associated protein BclA1 affects the susceptibility of animals to colonization and infection by Clostridium difficile. | Phetcharaburanin J, Hong HA, Colenutt C, Bianconi I, Sempere L, Permpoonpattana P, Smith K, Dembek M, Tan S, Brisson MC, Brisson AR, Fairweather NF, Cutting SM | Mol Microbiol | 10.1111/mmi.12611 | 2014 | Animals, Bacterial Proteins/*metabolism, Clostridioides difficile/metabolism/*pathogenicity, Cricetinae, Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/*metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Mice, Spores, Bacterial/metabolism/*pathogenicity | |
| Genetics | 24816601 | Identification and characterization of glycoproteins on the spore surface of Clostridium difficile. | Strong PC, Fulton KM, Aubry A, Foote S, Twine SM, Logan SM | J Bacteriol | 10.1128/JB.01469-14 | 2014 | Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Bacterial Adhesion, Clostridioides difficile/*physiology, Computational Biology, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/physiology, Macrophages/microbiology, Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism, Mice, Molecular Sequence Data, Spores, Bacterial/chemistry/physiology | Metabolism |
| Metabolism | 24841151 | The flagellin FliC of Clostridium difficile is responsible for pleiotropic gene regulation during in vivo infection. | Barketi-Klai A, Monot M, Hoys S, Lambert-Bordes S, Kuehne SA, Minton N, Collignon A, Dupuy B, Kansau I | PLoS One | 10.1371/journal.pone.0096876 | 2014 | Animals, Bacterial Proteins/genetics/*metabolism, Clostridioides difficile/genetics/*metabolism/*pathogenicity, Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/microbiology, Flagellin/genetics/*metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Genetic Pleiotropy, Male, Mice, Virulence/genetics/physiology, Virulence Factors/genetics/metabolism | |
| Phenotype | 25130165 | Comparative nutritional and chemical phenome of Clostridium difficile isolates determined using phenotype microarrays. | Scaria J, Chen JW, Useh N, He H, McDonough SP, Mao C, Sobral B, Chang YF | Int J Infect Dis | 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.06.018 | 2014 | Clostridioides difficile/*drug effects/metabolism/pathogenicity/*physiology, Microarray Analysis/methods, Phenotype | Pathogenicity |
| 25475288 | Survival of Clostridium difficile spores at low temperatures. | Deng K, Plaza-Garrido A, Torres JA, Paredes-Sabja D | Food Microbiol | 10.1016/j.fm.2014.07.022 | 2014 | Clostridioides difficile/*growth & development, Cold Temperature, Meat Products/microbiology, *Microbial Viability, Spores, Bacterial/growth & development | ||
| Metabolism | 25501487 | Global transcriptional response of Clostridium difficile carrying the CD38 prophage. | Sekulovic O, Fortier LC | Appl Environ Microbiol | 10.1128/AEM.03656-14 | 2015 | Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism, Clostridioides difficile/*genetics/metabolism/*virology, *Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Lysogeny, Prophages/genetics/*physiology, Transcription, Genetic | |
| Pathogenicity | 25714712 | High-throughput analysis of gene essentiality and sporulation in Clostridium difficile. | Dembek M, Barquist L, Boinett CJ, Cain AK, Mayho M, Lawley TD, Fairweather NF, Fagan RP | mBio | 10.1128/mBio.02383-14 | 2015 | Clostridioides difficile/genetics/*growth & development, DNA Transposable Elements, *Genes, Bacterial, *Genes, Essential, Genetic Testing/*methods, *High-Throughput Screening Assays, Humans, Mutagenesis, Insertional/*methods, Spores, Bacterial/genetics/*growth & development | |
| Metabolism | 26013487 | Observations on the Role of TcdE Isoforms in Clostridium difficile Toxin Secretion. | Govind R, Fitzwater L, Nichols R | J Bacteriol | 10.1128/JB.00224-15 | 2015 | Amino Acid Sequence, Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism, Bacterial Toxins/*metabolism, Base Sequence, Clostridioides difficile/*metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/physiology, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, Protein Isoforms | Pathogenicity |
| Metabolism | 26179020 | The Clostridium difficile cell wall protein CwpV confers phase-variable phage resistance. | Sekulovic O, Ospina Bedoya M, Fivian-Hughes AS, Fairweather NF, Fortier LC | Mol Microbiol | 10.1111/mmi.13121 | 2015 | Animals, Bacterial Proteins/genetics/*metabolism, Bacteriophages/*growth & development/pathogenicity/physiology, Cell Wall/*chemistry/metabolism, Clostridioides difficile/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism/*virology, DNA, Viral/genetics, Humans, Sequence Analysis, DNA | Pathogenicity |
| Genetics | 26330515 | Function of the CRISPR-Cas System of the Human Pathogen Clostridium difficile. | Boudry P, Semenova E, Monot M, Datsenko KA, Lopatina A, Sekulovic O, Ospina-Bedoya M, Fortier LC, Severinov K, Dupuy B, Soutourina O | mBio | 10.1128/mBio.01112-15 | 2015 | *CRISPR-Cas Systems, Clostridioides difficile/*enzymology/*genetics, DNA, Bacterial/*genetics, Escherichia coli/genetics, *Gene Expression Profiling, Molecular Sequence Data, RNA, Viral/analysis/genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA | Transcriptome |
| Metabolism | 26598364 | Regulation of Type IV Pili Contributes to Surface Behaviors of Historical and Epidemic Strains of Clostridium difficile. | Purcell EB, McKee RW, Bordeleau E, Burrus V, Tamayo R | J Bacteriol | 10.1128/JB.00816-15 | 2015 | Bacterial Proteins/genetics/*metabolism, Biofilms, Clostridioides difficile/*classification/pathogenicity/*physiology, Fimbriae, Bacterial/*classification/*metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/*physiology, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Virulence | Phylogeny |
| Pathogenicity | 26682547 | The SOS Response Master Regulator LexA Is Associated with Sporulation, Motility and Biofilm Formation in Clostridium difficile. | Walter BM, Cartman ST, Minton NP, Butala M, Rupnik M | PLoS One | 10.1371/journal.pone.0144763 | 2015 | Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology, Bacterial Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism, Bacterial Toxins/metabolism, Biofilms/drug effects/*growth & development, Cell Division, Clostridioides difficile/drug effects/genetics/*physiology, Enterotoxins/metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/drug effects, Levofloxacin/pharmacology, Mutation, SOS Response, Genetics, Serine Endopeptidases/*genetics/*metabolism, Spores, Bacterial/drug effects/growth & development | Metabolism |
| Pathogenicity | 26708704 | Clostridium difficile-mediated effects on human intestinal epithelia: Modelling host-pathogen interactions in a vertical diffusion chamber. | Jafari NV, Kuehne SA, Minton NP, Allan E, Bajaj-Elliott M | Anaerobe | 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2015.12.007 | 2015 | Bacterial Adhesion, Bacterial Toxins, Caco-2 Cells, Clostridioides difficile/immunology/*physiology, Cytokines/biosynthesis, Diffusion Chambers, Culture, Enterotoxins, HEK293 Cells, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Intestinal Mucosa/immunology/*microbiology, Models, Biological | |
| Pathogenicity | 26895772 | Impact on toxin production and cell morphology in Clostridium difficile by ridinilazole (SMT19969), a novel treatment for C. difficile infection. | Basseres E, Endres BT, Khaleduzzaman M, Miraftabi F, Alam MJ, Vickers RJ, Garey KW | J Antimicrob Chemother | 10.1093/jac/dkv498 | 2016 | Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology, Bacterial Toxins/*metabolism, Benzimidazoles/*pharmacology, Caco-2 Cells, Clostridioides difficile/cytology/*drug effects/metabolism, Cytokines/metabolism, Epithelial Cells/microbiology, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Microbial Viability/drug effects, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Pyridines/*pharmacology | Metabolism |
| Pathogenicity | 26946361 | Improving the reproducibility of the NAP1/B1/027 epidemic strain R20291 in the hamster model of infection. | Kelly ML, Ng YK, Cartman ST, Collery MM, Cockayne A, Minton NP | Anaerobe | 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.02.011 | 2016 | Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology, Clindamycin/pharmacology, Clostridioides difficile/drug effects/*genetics/pathogenicity, Cricetulus/*genetics/microbiology, *Disease Models, Animal, Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/drug therapy/*microbiology/mortality/pathology, Gene Expression, *Genes, Synthetic, Genetic Engineering, *Genome, Bacterial, Humans, Methyltransferases/*genetics, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Mutation, Survival Analysis, Virulence | Genetics |
| Phylogeny | 26991284 | Isolation of recombinant antibodies directed against surface proteins of Clostridium difficile. | Shirvan AN, Aitken R | Braz J Microbiol | 10.1016/j.bjm.2016.01.017 | 2016 | Antibodies, Bacterial/*analysis/genetics/immunology, Bacterial Proteins/*analysis/genetics/immunology, Blotting, Western, Clostridioides difficile/*genetics/immunology/isolation & purification, Clostridium Infections/diagnosis/*microbiology, Gene Expression, Humans, Recombinant Proteins/analysis/genetics/immunology, Ribotyping | Pathogenicity |
| Pathogenicity | 27021314 | Evaluating the Effects of Surotomycin Treatment on Clostridium difficile Toxin A and B Production, Immune Response, and Morphological Changes. | Endres BT, Basseres E, Khaleduzzaman M, Alam MJ, Chesnel L, Garey KW | Antimicrob Agents Chemother | 10.1128/AAC.00211-16 | 2016 | Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology, Bacterial Proteins/*biosynthesis, Bacterial Toxins/*biosynthesis, Caco-2 Cells, Cell Line, Tumor, Clostridioides difficile/*drug effects/*immunology/metabolism, Enterotoxins/*biosynthesis, Humans, Interleukin-8/immunology, Lipopeptides/*pharmacology, Metronidazole/pharmacology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Peptides, Cyclic/*pharmacology, Vancomycin/pharmacology | Biotechnology |
| Transcriptome | 27351947 | Deciphering Adaptation Strategies of the Epidemic Clostridium difficile 027 Strain during Infection through In Vivo Transcriptional Analysis. | Kansau I, Barketi-Klai A, Monot M, Hoys S, Dupuy B, Janoir C, Collignon A | PLoS One | 10.1371/journal.pone.0158204 | 2016 | *Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Clostridioides difficile/genetics/isolation & purification/*pathogenicity, Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/*microbiology, Genes, Bacterial, Mice, *Transcriptome, Virulence/genetics | Enzymology |
| Metabolism | 27377776 | Heat shock increases conjugation efficiency in Clostridium difficile. | Kirk JA, Fagan RP | Anaerobe | 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.06.009 | 2016 | Chromosomes, Bacterial/chemistry/*metabolism, Clostridioides difficile/*genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism, Clostridium Infections/microbiology, *Conjugation, Genetic, Culture Media/pharmacology, *Homologous Recombination, Hot Temperature, Humans, Plasmids/chemistry/*metabolism, Ribotyping, Transformation, Bacterial/drug effects | Pathogenicity |
| Phylogeny | 27411304 | Nosocomial transmission of Clostridium difficile ribotype 027 in a Chinese hospital, 2012-2014, traced by whole genome sequencing. | Jia H, Du P, Yang H, Zhang Y, Wang J, Zhang W, Han G, Han N, Yao Z, Wang H, Zhang J, Wang Z, Ding Q, Qiang Y, Barbut F, Gao GF, Cao Y, Cheng Y, Chen C | BMC Genomics | 10.1186/s12864-016-2708-0 | 2016 | Aged, Aged, 80 and over, China/epidemiology, Clostridioides difficile/*classification/*genetics, Cluster Analysis, Computational Biology/methods, *Cross Infection, Disease Outbreaks, Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/epidemiology/*microbiology/*transmission, Female, Genetic Variation, *Genome, Bacterial, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Humans, Male, Molecular Typing, Phylogeny, Retrospective Studies | Genetics |
| Metabolism | 27623089 | Crystal structures of two nitroreductases from hypervirulent Clostridium difficile and functionally related interactions with the antibiotic metronidazole. | Wang B, Powell SM, Hessami N, Najar FZ, Thomas LM, Karr EA, West AH, Richter-Addo GB | Nitric Oxide | 10.1016/j.niox.2016.09.003 | 2016 | Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry/metabolism, *Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/metabolism, Clostridioides difficile/*enzymology, Crystallography, X-Ray, Flavin Mononucleotide/chemistry/metabolism, *Metronidazole/chemistry/metabolism, Models, Molecular, *Nitroreductases/chemistry/metabolism | Enzymology |
| Metabolism | 27713865 | Characterization of the Adherence of Clostridium difficile Spores: The Integrity of the Outermost Layer Affects Adherence Properties of Spores of the Epidemic Strain R20291 to Components of the Intestinal Mucosa. | Mora-Uribe P, Miranda-Cardenas C, Castro-Cordova P, Gil F, Calderon I, Fuentes JA, Rodas PI, Banawas S, Sarker MR, Paredes-Sabja D | Front Cell Infect Microbiol | 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00099 | 2016 | Animals, Bacterial Adhesion/*physiology, Bacterial Proteins/genetics, Caco-2 Cells/microbiology, Cell Wall, Clostridioides difficile/pathogenicity/*physiology, Disease Models, Animal, Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/*microbiology, Fibronectins/metabolism, Humans, Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology, Mice, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Microvilli/microbiology, Mucins, Spores, Bacterial/*physiology, Vitronectin/metabolism | Pathogenicity |
| Metabolism | 27716049 | Crystal structure and DNA binding activity of a PadR family transcription regulator from hypervirulent Clostridium difficile R20291. | Isom CE, Menon SK, Thomas LM, West AH, Richter-Addo GB, Karr EA | BMC Microbiol | 10.1186/s12866-016-0850-0 | 2016 | Amino Acid Sequence, Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism, Base Sequence, Clostridioides difficile/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism, Crystallography, X-Ray, DNA, Bacterial/genetics/metabolism, DNA-Binding Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay, Models, Molecular, Mutation, Nucleotide Motifs, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Protein Binding, Protein Structure, Secondary, Sequence Alignment | |
| Stress | 27833595 | Chemical and Stress Resistances of Clostridium difficile Spores and Vegetative Cells. | Edwards AN, Karim ST, Pascual RA, Jowhar LM, Anderson SE, McBride SM | Front Microbiol | 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01698 | 2016 | ||
| Enzymology | 27855313 | Characterization of the Clostridium difficile volatile metabolome using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. | Rees CA, Shen A, Hill JE | J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci | 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.11.009 | 2016 | Carboxylic Acids/*analysis/isolation & purification, Clostridioides difficile/growth & development/*metabolism, Cresols/analysis/isolation & purification, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/*methods, *Metabolome, Volatile Organic Compounds/*analysis/isolation & purification | Phylogeny |
| Pathogenicity | 28060346 | Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291. | Winston JA, Thanissery R, Montgomery SA, Theriot CM | J Vis Exp | 10.3791/54850 | 2016 | Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Cefoperazone/*pharmacology, Clostridioides difficile/*drug effects, *Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL | |
| Pathogenicity | 28155914 | Evolutionary clade affects resistance of Clostridium difficile spores to Cold Atmospheric Plasma. | Connor M, Flynn PB, Fairley DJ, Marks N, Manesiotis P, Graham WG, Gilmore BF, McGrath JW | Sci Rep | 10.1038/srep41814 | 2017 | Clostridioides difficile/*drug effects/*physiology, Decontamination/methods, Disinfectants/pharmacology, *Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Environment, *Evolution, Molecular, Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Microbial Viability, Oxygen/metabolism, Plasma Gases/*pharmacology, Spores, Bacterial/*drug effects/*genetics, Time Factors | Metabolism |
| Pathogenicity | 28209199 | Making life difficult for Clostridium difficile: augmenting the pathogen's metabolic model with transcriptomic and codon usage data for better therapeutic target characterization. | Kashaf SS, Angione C, Lio P | BMC Syst Biol | 10.1186/s12918-017-0395-3 | 2017 | Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology, Clostridioides difficile/drug effects/*genetics/*metabolism, Codon/*genetics, *Gene Expression Profiling, *Metabolic Networks and Pathways/drug effects, *Models, Biological, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis | Metabolism |
| 28217744 | Effect of tcdR Mutation on Sporulation in the Epidemic Clostridium difficile Strain R20291. | Girinathan BP, Monot M, Boyle D, McAllister KN, Sorg JA, Dupuy B, Govind R | mSphere | 10.1128/mSphere.00383-16 | 2017 | |||
| Genetics | 28267569 | The challenge of detecting indels in bacterial genomes from short-read sequencing data. | Steglich M, Nubel U | J Biotechnol | 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.02.026 | 2017 | *Algorithms, Chromosome Mapping/*methods, DNA Mutational Analysis/*methods, Genome, Bacterial/*genetics, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/*methods, INDEL Mutation/*genetics, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, *Software | |
| Pathogenicity | 28279860 | Inhibition of spore germination, growth, and toxin activity of clinically relevant C. difficile strains by gut microbiota derived secondary bile acids. | Thanissery R, Winston JA, Theriot CM | Anaerobe | 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.03.004 | 2017 | Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents/*metabolism, Antibiosis, Bacterial Toxins/*metabolism, Bile Acids and Salts/*metabolism, Clostridioides difficile/*drug effects/growth & development, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Gastrointestinal Tract/*microbiology, Humans, Mice, Spores, Bacterial/*drug effects/growth & development | Metabolism |
| Pathogenicity | 28400013 | Survival of Clostridium difficile spores at low water activity. | Deng K, Talukdar PK, Sarker MR, Paredes-Sabja D, Torres JA | Food Microbiol | 10.1016/j.fm.2017.03.013 | 2017 | Bacterial Load, Clostridioides difficile/drug effects/*physiology, Culture Media/chemistry, Food Microbiology, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions, Spores, Bacterial/*drug effects/growth & development/*physiology, Temperature, *Water | Biotechnology |
| Pathogenicity | 28570548 | A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment. | Endres B, Basseres E, Rashid T, Chang L, Alam MJ, Garey KW | J Vis Exp | 10.3791/55383 | 2017 | Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology, Clostridioides difficile/*drug effects/growth & development/*ultrastructure, Metronidazole/pharmacology, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Reproducibility of Results, Vancomycin/pharmacology | |
| Metabolism | 28619474 | High metabolic versatility of different toxigenic and non-toxigenic Clostridioides difficile isolates. | Riedel T, Wetzel D, Hofmann JD, Plorin SPEO, Dannheim H, Berges M, Zimmermann O, Bunk B, Schober I, Sproer C, Liesegang H, Jahn D, Overmann J, Gross U, Neumann-Schaal M | Int J Med Microbiol | 10.1016/j.ijmm.2017.05.007 | 2017 | Amino Acids/metabolism, Bacterial Proteins/genetics/*metabolism, Bacterial Toxins/genetics/*metabolism, Butyrates/isolation & purification/metabolism, Caproates/isolation & purification/*metabolism, Clostridioides difficile/growth & development/isolation & purification/*metabolism, Clostridium Infections/*microbiology, Feces/microbiology, Fermentation, Glucose/metabolism, Humans, Ribotyping, Virulence | Pathogenicity |
| Pathogenicity | 28856119 | Characterization of Chicken IgY Specific to Clostridium difficile R20291 Spores and the Effect of Oral Administration in Mouse Models of Initiation and Recurrent Disease. | Pizarro-Guajardo M, Diaz-Gonzalez F, Alvarez-Lobos M, Paredes-Sabja D | Front Cell Infect Microbiol | 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00365 | 2017 | Adhesins, Bacterial/drug effects, Administration, Oral, Animals, Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Bacterial Proteins/immunology, Caco-2 Cells, Chickens/*immunology, Clostridioides difficile/*immunology, Clostridium Infections/*drug therapy/pathology/*prevention & control, Colon/microbiology, Diarrhea/drug therapy, Disease Models, Animal, Drug Combinations, Feces/microbiology, Humans, Immunization, Passive, Immunoglobulin G/blood, Immunoglobulins/*administration & dosage/isolation & purification/*pharmacology/*therapeutic use, Immunotherapy, Intestines/immunology/microbiology, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Spores, Bacterial/*immunology, Vancomycin/pharmacology | Enzymology |
| 29118745 | Biofilm Structures in a Mono-Associated Mouse Model of Clostridium difficile Infection. | Soavelomandroso AP, Gaudin F, Hoys S, Nicolas V, Vedantam G, Janoir C, Bouttier S | Front Microbiol | 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02086 | 2017 | |||
| 29213333 | Comparative genomic analysis of Clostridium difficile ribotype 027 strains including the newly sequenced strain NCKUH-21 isolated from a patient in Taiwan. | Suzuki H, Tomita M, Tsai PJ, Ko WC, Hung YP, Huang IH, Chen JW | Gut Pathog | 10.1186/s13099-017-0219-4 | 2017 | |||
| Pathogenicity | 29253242 | Characterization of the impact of rpoB mutations on the in vitro and in vivo competitive fitness of Clostridium difficile and susceptibility to fidaxomicin. | Kuehne SA, Dempster AW, Collery MM, Joshi N, Jowett J, Kelly ML, Cave R, Longshaw CM, Minton NP | J Antimicrob Chemother | 10.1093/jac/dkx486 | 2018 | Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology, Bacterial Toxins/metabolism, Cell Survival/drug effects, Chlorocebus aethiops, Clostridioides difficile/drug effects/*genetics/growth & development, Clostridium Infections/microbiology/pathology, DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/*genetics, Disease Models, Animal, *Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Epithelial Cells/drug effects/physiology, Female, Fidaxomicin/*pharmacology, *Genetic Fitness, Mesocricetus, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, *Mutation, Missense, Spores, Bacterial/growth & development, Vero Cells, Virulence, Whole Genome Sequencing | Metabolism |
| Metabolism | 29529083 | Pleiotropic roles of Clostridium difficile sin locus. | Girinathan BP, Ou J, Dupuy B, Govind R | PLoS Pathog | 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006940 | 2018 | Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Bacillus subtilis/genetics/growth & development/metabolism, Bacterial Proteins/genetics/*metabolism, Bacterial Toxins/*metabolism, Cecum/metabolism/microbiology, Cell Movement/*physiology, Clostridioides difficile/genetics/growth & development/*metabolism, Clostridium Infections/genetics/metabolism/*microbiology, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Mesocricetus, Mice, *Operon, Rabbits, Regulon, Sequence Homology, Spores, Bacterial/*physiology | Pathogenicity |
| Enzymology | 29573213 | Identification of Clostridium difficile Immunoreactive Spore Proteins of the Epidemic Strain R20291. | Pizarro-Guajardo M, Ravanal MC, Paez MD, Callegari E, Paredes-Sabja D | Proteomics Clin Appl | 10.1002/prca.201700182 | 2018 | Bacterial Proteins/genetics/*isolation & purification, Cell Wall/genetics, Clostridioides difficile/*genetics/pathogenicity, Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/*diagnosis/genetics/microbiology, Humans, Membrane Proteins/*genetics/isolation & purification, Spores, Bacterial/genetics, Tandem Mass Spectrometry | Phylogeny |
| Metabolism | 29735765 | Characterization of Flagellum and Toxin Phase Variation in Clostridioides difficile Ribotype 012 Isolates. | Anjuwon-Foster BR, Maldonado-Vazquez N, Tamayo R | J Bacteriol | 10.1128/JB.00056-18 | 2018 | Bacterial Proteins/genetics/*metabolism, Bacterial Toxins/genetics/*metabolism, Clostridioides difficile/classification/genetics/*metabolism, Enterotoxins/genetics/*metabolism, Flagella/genetics/*metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Ribotyping | Pathogenicity |
| Biotechnology | 29867812 | Convergent Loss of ABC Transporter Genes From Clostridioides difficile Genomes Is Associated With Impaired Tyrosine Uptake and p-Cresol Production. | Steglich M, Hofmann JD, Helmecke J, Sikorski J, Sproer C, Riedel T, Bunk B, Overmann J, Neumann-Schaal M, Nubel U | Front Microbiol | 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00901 | 2018 | ||
| 29928268 | A Small Molecule-Screening Pipeline to Evaluate the Therapeutic Potential of 2-Aminoimidazole Molecules Against Clostridium difficile. | Thanissery R, Zeng D, Doyle RG, Theriot CM | Front Microbiol | 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01206 | 2018 | |||
| Pathogenicity | 30004695 | The Design, Synthesis, and Characterizations of Spore Germination Inhibitors Effective against an Epidemic Strain of Clostridium difficile. | Sharma SK, Yip C, Esposito EX, Sharma PV, Simon MP, Abel-Santos E, Firestine SM | J Med Chem | 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00632 | 2018 | Bile Acids and Salts/chemical synthesis/*chemistry/*pharmacology, Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic, Clostridioides difficile/*drug effects/*physiology, *Drug Design, *Epidemics, Models, Molecular, Molecular Conformation, Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Spores, Bacterial/*drug effects/growth & development | |
| Metabolism | 30172297 | Time-resolved transcriptome analysis of Clostridium difficile R20291 response to cysteine. | Gu H, Shi K, Liao Z, Qi H, Chen S, Wang H, Li S, Ma Y, Wang J | Microbiol Res | 10.1016/j.micres.2018.07.003 | 2018 | Animals, Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism, Bacterial Toxins/genetics/metabolism, Butyrates, Chlorocebus aethiops, Clostridioides difficile/*drug effects/genetics/*metabolism/pathogenicity, Cysteine/administration & dosage/*metabolism/*pharmacology, Enterotoxins/genetics/metabolism, Gene Expression Profiling/*methods, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/drug effects, Genes, Bacterial/genetics, Membrane Transport Modulators, Membrane Transport Proteins/drug effects/metabolism, Metabolism/drug effects, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Vero Cells/drug effects, Virulence, Virulence Factors/genetics/metabolism | Pathogenicity |
| Metabolism | 30201779 | Regulatory Targets of the Response Regulator RR_1586 from Clostridioides difficile Identified Using a Bacterial One-Hybrid Screen. | Hebdon SD, Menon SK, Richter-Addo GB, Karr EA, West AH | J Bacteriol | 10.1128/JB.00351-18 | 2018 | Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism, Clostridioides difficile/*genetics/pathogenicity/physiology, Computational Biology, DNA-Binding Proteins, Escherichia coli/genetics/physiology, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/*genetics, Gene Regulatory Networks, Genes, Reporter, Models, Biological, Nucleotide Motifs, Phosphorylation, Regulon/genetics, Signal Transduction, Spores, Bacterial, Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism, Virulence | |
| 30416488 | The Conserved Cys-2232 in Clostridioides difficile Toxin B Modulates Receptor Binding. | Chung SY, Schottelndreier D, Tatge H, Fuhner V, Hust M, Beer LA, Gerhard R | Front Microbiol | 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02314 | 2018 | |||
| Pathogenicity | 30542069 | Characterization of the virulence of a non-RT027, non-RT078 and binary toxin-positive Clostridium difficile strain associated with severe diarrhea. | Li C, Harmanus C, Zhu D, Meng X, Wang S, Duan J, Liu S, Fu C, Zhou P, Liu R, Wu A, Kuijper EJ, Smits WK, Fu L, Sun X | Emerg Microbes Infect | 10.1038/s41426-018-0211-1 | 2018 | ADP Ribose Transferases, Animals, Bacterial Proteins, Biofilms/growth & development, China, Clostridioides difficile/*genetics/isolation & purification/*pathogenicity, Clostridium Infections/*microbiology, Diarrhea/*microbiology, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Phenotype, Virulence | Phenotype |
| Metabolism | 31173438 | Cwp22, a novel peptidoglycan cross-linking enzyme, plays pleiotropic roles in Clostridioides difficile. | Zhu D, Bullock J, He Y, Sun X | Environ Microbiol | 10.1111/1462-2920.14706 | 2019 | Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology, Bacterial Adhesion, Bacterial Proteins/genetics/*metabolism, Bacterial Toxins/genetics/*metabolism, Cell Wall/metabolism, Clostridioides difficile/genetics/*metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/physiology, Mice, Mutation, Peptidoglycan/genetics/metabolism | Enzymology |
| Pathogenicity | 31199936 | Interlaboratory reproducibility of a test method following 4-field test methodology to evaluate the susceptibility of Clostridium difficile spores. | Gemein S, Gebel J, Christiansen B, Martiny H, Vossebein L, Brill FHH, Decius M, Eggers M, Koburger-Janssen T, Meckel M, Werner S, Hunsinger B, Selhorst T, Kampf G, Exner M | J Hosp Infect | 10.1016/j.jhin.2019.04.011 | 2019 | Clostridioides difficile/*drug effects, Disinfectants/*pharmacology, Glutaral/pharmacology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests/*methods, Observer Variation, Peracetic Acid/pharmacology, Reproducibility of Results, Spores, Bacterial/*drug effects | |
| Pathogenicity | 31260740 | Phenotypic characterisation of Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 251, an emerging multi-locus sequence type clade 2 strain in Australia. | Hong S, Knight DR, Chang B, Carman RJ, Riley TV | Anaerobe | 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.06.019 | 2019 | Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology, Australia/epidemiology, Bacterial Toxins/genetics, Clostridioides difficile/*classification/drug effects/*genetics, Clostridium Infections/*epidemiology/*microbiology, Enterotoxins/genetics, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, *Genotype, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Multilocus Sequence Typing, Phenotype, Phylogeny, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Public Health Surveillance, Ribotyping, Spores, Bacterial/drug effects | Phylogeny |
| Pathogenicity | 31386902 | Single cell analysis of nutrient regulation of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile motility. | Courson DS, Pokhrel A, Scott C, Madrill M, Rinehold AJ, Tamayo R, Cheney RE, Purcell EB | Anaerobe | 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.102080 | 2019 | Clostridioides difficile/*drug effects/*physiology, Intravital Microscopy/*methods, Locomotion/*drug effects, Nutrients/*metabolism | Metabolism |
| 31399410 | Using an Endogenous CRISPR-Cas System for Genome Editing in the Human Pathogen Clostridium difficile. | Maikova A, Kreis V, Boutserin A, Severinov K, Soutourina O | Appl Environ Microbiol | 10.1128/AEM.01416-19 | 2019 | Base Sequence, *CRISPR-Cas Systems, Clostridioides difficile/genetics, *Gene Editing, Genetic Engineering/*methods, Sequence Deletion | ||
| Metabolism | 31659010 | Strain-Dependent RstA Regulation of Clostridioides difficile Toxin Production and Sporulation. | Edwards AN, Krall EG, McBride SM | J Bacteriol | 10.1128/JB.00586-19 | 2020 | Bacterial Proteins/genetics/*metabolism, Bacterial Toxins/genetics/*metabolism, Clostridioides difficile/genetics/*metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/genetics/physiology, Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics, Spores, Bacterial/*metabolism | Genetics |
| Metabolism | 31681632 | The Transcriptional Regulator Lrp Contributes to Toxin Expression, Sporulation, and Swimming Motility in Clostridium difficile. | Chen KY, Rathod J, Chiu YC, Chen JW, Tsai PJ, Huang IH | Front Cell Infect Microbiol | 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00356 | 2019 | Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism, Bacterial Toxins/*genetics/metabolism, Biofilms, Cell Line, Chlorocebus aethiops, Clostridioides difficile/*physiology, Clostridium Infections/microbiology, Disease Models, Animal, Enterotoxins/genetics/metabolism, *Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Humans, Leucine-Responsive Regulatory Protein/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism, Male, Mice, Mutation, *Spores, Bacterial, Transcription, Genetic, Vero Cells | Pathogenicity |
| 31700548 | Hypervirulent clade 2, ribotype 019/sequence type 67 Clostridioides difficile strain from Japan. | Saito R, Usui Y, Ayibieke A, Nakajima J, Prah I, Sonobe K, Aiso Y, Ito S, Itsui Y, Hadano Y, Nukui Y, Koike R, Tohda S | Gut Pathog | 10.1186/s13099-019-0336-3 | 2019 | |||
| Physiology | 31811041 | The Impact of pH on Clostridioides difficile Sporulation and Physiology. | Wetzel D, McBride SM | Appl Environ Microbiol | 10.1128/AEM.02706-19 | 2020 | Bacterial Toxins/*biosynthesis, Clostridioides difficile/growth & development/*physiology, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Spores, Bacterial/*growth & development | Pathogenicity |
| Pathogenicity | 31940467 | Effect of antibiotic to induce Clostridioides difficile-susceptibility and infectious strain in a mouse model of Clostridioides difficile infection and recurrence. | Castro-Cordova P, Diaz-Yanez F, Munoz-Miralles J, Gil F, Paredes-Sabja D | Anaerobe | 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102149 | 2020 | Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology/therapeutic use, Chlorocebus aethiops, Clostridioides difficile/*drug effects, Clostridium Infections/diagnosis/drug therapy/*microbiology, Disease Models, Animal, Feces/microbiology, Mice, Recurrence, Treatment Outcome, Vero Cells | |
| Biotechnology | 32046000 | In vitro Production and Immunogenicity of a Clostridium Difficile Spore-Specific BclA3 Glycopeptide Conjugate Vaccine. | Aubry A, Zou W, Vinogradov E, Williams D, Chen W, Harris G, Zhou H, Schur MJ, Gilbert M, Douce GR, Logan SM | Vaccines (Basel) | 10.3390/vaccines8010073 | 2020 | ||
| 32047064 | A High-Fat/High-Protein, Atkins-Type Diet Exacerbates Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile Infection in Mice, whereas a High-Carbohydrate Diet Protects. | Mefferd CC, Bhute SS, Phan JR, Villarama JV, Do DM, Alarcia S, Abel-Santos E, Hedlund BP | mSystems | 10.1128/mSystems.00765-19 | 2020 | |||
| Phylogeny | 32176604 | Origin, genomic diversity and microevolution of the Clostridium difficile B1/NAP1/RT027/ST01 strain in Costa Rica, Chile, Honduras and Mexico. | Guerrero-Araya E, Meneses C, Castro-Nallar E, Guzman D AM, Alvarez-Lobos M, Quesada-Gomez C, Paredes-Sabja D, Rodriguez C | Microb Genom | 10.1099/mgen.0.000355 | 2020 | Bayes Theorem, Chile, Clostridioides difficile/*classification/drug effects/genetics/isolation & purification, Costa Rica, *Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Europe, Evolution, Molecular, Feces/microbiology, Fluoroquinolones/*pharmacology, Genome, Bacterial, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Honduras, Humans, Mexico, Phylogeny, Phylogeography, *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, United States, Whole Genome Sequencing/*methods | Pathogenicity |
| Pathogenicity | 32205405 | Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA) Mitigates the Host Inflammatory Response during Clostridioides difficile Infection by Altering Gut Bile Acids. | Winston JA, Rivera AJ, Cai J, Thanissery R, Montgomery SA, Patterson AD, Theriot CM | Infect Immun | 10.1128/IAI.00045-20 | 2020 | Animals, Bile Acids and Salts/*metabolism, Biomarkers, Clostridioides difficile/*drug effects, Clostridium Infections/drug therapy/genetics/*metabolism/*microbiology, Computational Biology/methods, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Fibroblast Growth Factors/metabolism, Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein/metabolism, Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects, Gene Expression Profiling, Host-Pathogen Interactions/*drug effects/genetics, Humans, Life Cycle Stages, Mice, Signal Transduction, Transcriptome, Ursodeoxycholic Acid/*pharmacology/physiology | Metabolism |
| Metabolism | 32302381 | Characterization of Clostridioides difficile DSM 101085 with A-B-CDT+ Phenotype from a Late Recurrent Colonization. | Riedel T, Neumann-Schaal M, Wittmann J, Schober I, Hofmann JD, Lu CW, Dannheim A, Zimmermann O, Lochner M, Gross U, Overmann J | Genome Biol Evol | 10.1093/gbe/evaa072 | 2020 | ADP Ribose Transferases/*genetics/metabolism, Aged, Bacterial Proteins/*genetics/metabolism, Bacterial Toxins/*genetics/metabolism, Clostridioides/*genetics/metabolism/*pathogenicity, Enterotoxins/*genetics/metabolism, *Evolution, Molecular, Humans, Metabolome, *Phenotype, *Virulence | Pathogenicity |
| Metabolism | 32622285 | Evaluation of functionality of type II toxin-antitoxin systems of Clostridioides difficile R20291. | Alvarez R, Ortega-Fuentes C, Queralto C, Inostroza O, Diaz-Yanez F, Gonzalez R, Calderon IL, Fuentes JA, Paredes-Sabja D, Gil F | Microbiol Res | 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126539 | 2020 | Bacterial Proteins/metabolism, Bacterial Toxins/metabolism, Clostridioides difficile/*genetics/*physiology, Computational Biology, *Toxin-Antitoxin Systems | Pathogenicity |
| Pathogenicity | 32661079 | The (p)ppGpp Synthetase RSH Mediates Stationary-Phase Onset and Antibiotic Stress Survival in Clostridioides difficile. | Pokhrel A, Poudel A, Castro KB, Celestine MJ, Oludiran A, Rinehold AJ, Resek AM, Mhanna MA, Purcell EB | J Bacteriol | 10.1128/JB.00377-20 | 2020 | Amino Acid Sequence, Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology, Bacterial Proteins/genetics, Clostridioides difficile/*drug effects/genetics/growth & development/*metabolism, Clostridium Infections, Drug Resistance, Bacterial/drug effects/genetics, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/drug effects, Guanosine Pentaphosphate/genetics/*metabolism, Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism, Ligases/genetics/*metabolism, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Sequence Alignment, Stress, Physiological/drug effects | Metabolism |
| 32714296 | Characterization of Exosporium Layer Variability of Clostridioides difficile Spores in the Epidemically Relevant Strain R20291. | Pizarro-Guajardo M, Calderon-Romero P, Romero-Rodriguez A, Paredes-Sabja D | Front Microbiol | 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01345 | 2020 | |||
| Metabolism | 33148827 | Spo0A Suppresses sin Locus Expression in Clostridioides difficile. | Dhungel BA, Govind R | mSphere | 10.1128/mSphere.00963-20 | 2020 | Bacterial Proteins/*genetics/metabolism, Clostridioides difficile/*genetics/pathogenicity/physiology, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/*genetics, *Genetic Loci, Mutation, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Protein Binding, Spores, Bacterial/genetics/*physiology, *Suppression, Genetic | |
| Metabolism | 33255261 | Receptor Binding Domains of TcdB from Clostridioides difficile for Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan-4 and Frizzled Proteins Are Functionally Independent and Additive. | Henkel D, Tatge H, Schottelndreier D, Tao L, Dong M, Gerhard R | Toxins (Basel) | 10.3390/toxins12120736 | 2020 | Amino Acid Substitution, Bacterial Proteins/genetics/*metabolism/toxicity, Bacterial Toxins/genetics/*metabolism, Cell Line, Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans/*metabolism, Clostridioides difficile/genetics/*metabolism, Frizzled Receptors/*metabolism, Gene Knockdown Techniques, HeLa Cells, Humans, Membrane Proteins/*metabolism, Mutagenesis, Site-Directed, Protein Binding, Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs, Virulence Factors/metabolism | Pathogenicity |
| Pathogenicity | 33492661 | The Acid-Dependent and Independent Effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus CL1285, Lacticaseibacillus casei LBC80R, and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CLR2 on Clostridioides difficile R20291. | Gunaratnam S, Diarra C, Paquette PD, Ship N, Millette M, Lacroix M | Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins | 10.1007/s12602-020-09729-5 | 2021 | Acids, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bacterial Proteins, Bacterial Toxins, Cells, Cultured, *Clostridioides difficile, Diarrhea, Enterotoxins, Fibroblasts, Glucose, Humans, *Lactobacillus acidophilus, *Lactobacillus casei, *Lactobacillus rhamnosus, *Probiotics | |
| Metabolism | 33547340 | Extracellular DNA, cell surface proteins and c-di-GMP promote biofilm formation in Clostridioides difficile. | Dawson LF, Peltier J, Hall CL, Harrison MA, Derakhshan M, Shaw HA, Fairweather NF, Wren BW | Sci Rep | 10.1038/s41598-020-78437-5 | 2021 | Bacterial Proteins/*metabolism, *Biofilms/growth & development, Clostridioides difficile/*physiology/ultrastructure, Clostridium Infections/microbiology, Cyclic GMP/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism, DNA, Bacterial/*metabolism, Humans | Pathogenicity |
| Phylogeny | 33563561 | Molecular characterization of Clostridioides difficile ribotype 027 in a major Chinese hospital. | Zhang RF, Man YX, Bai YY, Shao CH, Liu CM, Wang CH, Lei YX, Wang Y, Jin Y | J Microbiol Immunol Infect | 10.1016/j.jmii.2021.01.003 | 2021 | Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology, China/epidemiology, Clostridioides difficile/classification/drug effects/*genetics/isolation & purification, Clostridium Infections/epidemiology/*microbiology, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Genome, Bacterial/genetics, Genotype, Hospitals, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Multilocus Sequence Typing, Phylogeny, Retrospective Studies, Ribotyping | Genetics |
| Pathogenicity | 33893759 | Cwl0971, a novel peptidoglycan hydrolase, plays pleiotropic roles in Clostridioides difficile R20291. | Zhu D, Patabendige HMLW, Tomlinson BR, Wang S, Hussain S, Flores D, He Y, Shaw LN, Sun X | Environ Microbiol | 10.1111/1462-2920.15529 | 2021 | Animals, Bacterial Proteins/genetics, *Bacterial Toxins/genetics, Clostridioides, *Clostridioides difficile/enzymology/genetics, Mice, *N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine Amidase/genetics | Enzymology |
| Phylogeny | 34343672 | What's a SNP between friends: The lineage of Clostridioides difficile R20291 can effect research outcomes. | Monteford J, Bilverstone TW, Ingle P, Philip S, Kuehne SA, Minton NP | Anaerobe | 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102422 | 2021 | Clostridioides/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification, Clostridioides difficile/classification/genetics/isolation & purification, Clostridium Infections/*microbiology, Genome, Bacterial, Humans, Phylogeny, *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide | Enzymology |
| Metabolism | 34468187 | Ebselen Not Only Inhibits Clostridioides difficile Toxins but Displays Redox-Associated Cellular Killing. | Marreddy RKR, Olaitan AO, May JN, Dong M, Hurdle JG | Microbiol Spectr | 10.1128/Spectrum.00448-21 | 2021 | Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology, Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism, Bacterial Toxins/*biosynthesis, Clostridioides difficile/*drug effects/genetics/*metabolism, Clostridium Infections/microbiology, Cysteine/metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Humans, Isoindoles/*pharmacology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Organoselenium Compounds/*pharmacology, Oxidation-Reduction, Proline/metabolism | Pathogenicity |
| Pathogenicity | 34499698 | Biofilm regulation in Clostridioides difficile: Novel systems linked to hypervirulence. | Taggart MG, Snelling WJ, Naughton PJ, La Ragione RM, Dooley JSG, Ternan NG | PLoS Pathog | 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009817 | 2021 | Biofilms/*growth & development, Clostridioides difficile/*growth & development/*pathogenicity, Clostridium Infections/*pathology, Humans, Virulence | |
| 34609164 | Novel Drivers of Virulence in Clostridioides difficile Identified via Context-Specific Metabolic Network Analysis. | Jenior ML, Leslie JL, Powers DA, Garrett EM, Walker KA, Dickenson ME, Petri WA Jr, Tamayo R, Papin JA | mSystems | 10.1128/mSystems.00919-21 | 2021 | |||
| Physiology | 34675903 | FliW and CsrA Govern Flagellin (FliC) Synthesis and Play Pleiotropic Roles in Virulence and Physiology of Clostridioides difficile R20291. | Zhu D, Wang S, Sun X | Front Microbiol | 10.3389/fmicb.2021.735616 | 2021 | ||
| 34780262 | An Aniline-Substituted Bile Salt Analog Protects both Mice and Hamsters from Multiple Clostridioides difficile Strains. | Phan JR, Do DM, Truong MC, Ngo C, Phan JH, Sharma SK, Schilke A, Mefferd CC, Villarama JV, Lai D, Consul A, Hedlund BP, Firestine SM, Abel-Santos E | Antimicrob Agents Chemother | 10.1128/AAC.01435-21 | 2021 | Aniline Compounds/pharmacology, Animals, Bile Acids and Salts/therapeutic use, Clostridioides, *Clostridioides difficile, *Clostridium Infections/drug therapy/prevention & control, Cricetinae, Mice, Spores, Bacterial | ||
| Physiology | 34835068 | Impact of Phage CDHS-1 on the Transcription, Physiology and Pathogenicity of a Clostridioides difficile Ribotype 027 Strain, R20291. | Nale JY, Al-Tayawi TS, Heaphy S, Clokie MRJ | Viruses | 10.3390/v13112262 | 2021 | Animals, Bacterial Proteins/genetics, Bacteriolysis, Clostridioides difficile/*pathogenicity/physiology/*virology, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Insect Proteins/genetics, Larva/genetics/microbiology, Lysogeny, Moths, Ribotyping, Siphoviridae/isolation & purification/*physiology, Viral Proteins/genetics, Virulence/genetics, Virus Replication | Enzymology |
| Pathogenicity | 34837818 | Studies on the Importance of the 7alpha-, and 12alpha- hydroxyl groups of N-Aryl-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-amides on their Antigermination Activity Against a Hypervirulent Strain of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile. | Sharma SK, Yip C, Simon MP, Phan J, Abel-Santos E, Firestine SM | Bioorg Med Chem | 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116503 | 2021 | Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemical synthesis/chemistry/*pharmacology, Cholanes/chemical synthesis/chemistry/*pharmacology, Clostridioides difficile/*drug effects, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Molecular Structure, Structure-Activity Relationship | |
| Metabolism | 34878288 | c-di-GMP Inhibits Early Sporulation in Clostridioides difficile. | Edwards AN, Willams CL, Pareek N, McBride SM, Tamayo R | mSphere | 10.1128/msphere.00919-21 | 2021 | Bacterial Proteins/genetics/*metabolism, Bacterial Toxins/genetics/*metabolism, Clostridioides difficile/genetics/*metabolism, Cyclic GMP/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/genetics/physiology, Spores, Bacterial/*metabolism | Pathogenicity |
| Metabolism | 34992297 | Oxidative ornithine metabolism supports non-inflammatory C. difficile colonization. | Pruss KM, Enam F, Battaglioli E, DeFeo M, Diaz OR, Higginbottom SK, Fischer CR, Hryckowian AJ, Van Treuren W, Dodd D, Kashyap P, Sonnenburg JL | Nat Metab | 10.1038/s42255-021-00506-4 | 2022 | Amino Acids/metabolism, Animals, Clostridioides difficile/*physiology, Clostridium Infections/*metabolism/*microbiology, Energy Metabolism, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, *Host-Pathogen Interactions, Humans, Metabolic Networks and Pathways, Metabolome, Metabolomics/methods, Mice, Nitric Oxide Synthase/metabolism, Ornithine/*metabolism, *Oxidation-Reduction, Oxidative Stress | Pathogenicity |
| Pathogenicity | 35176123 | Glucosyltransferase-dependent and independent effects of Clostridioides difficile toxins during infection. | Peritore-Galve FC, Shupe JA, Cave RJ, Childress KO, Washington MK, Kuehne SA, Lacy DB | PLoS Pathog | 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010323 | 2022 | Animals, Antibodies, Bacterial, Bacterial Proteins/metabolism, *Bacterial Toxins/metabolism, *Clostridioides difficile, *Clostridium Infections/pathology, Diarrhea, Enterotoxins/metabolism/toxicity, Glucosyltransferases/genetics/metabolism, Humans, Inflammation, Mice, Necrosis | Metabolism |
| Metabolism | 35192433 | Flagellum and toxin phase variation impacts intestinal colonization and disease development in a mouse model of Clostridioides difficile infection. | Trzilova D, Warren MAH, Gadda NC, Williams CL, Tamayo R | Gut Microbes | 10.1080/19490976.2022.2038854 | 2022 | Animals, Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism, *Bacterial Toxins/genetics/metabolism, *Clostridioides difficile/genetics, *Clostridium Infections/metabolism, Cricetinae, Disease Models, Animal, Flagella/genetics/metabolism, *Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Mice, Phase Variation | Pathogenicity |
| Pathogenicity | 35315695 | Genomic and Phenotypic Characterization of the Nontoxigenic Clostridioides difficile Strain CCUG37785 and Demonstration of Its Therapeutic Potential for the Prevention of C. difficile Infection. | Wang S, Heuler J, Wickramage I, Sun X | Microbiol Spectr | 10.1128/spectrum.01788-21 | 2022 | Animals, Bacterial Proteins/genetics, *Bacterial Toxins/genetics, Clostridioides, *Clostridioides difficile/genetics, *Clostridium Infections/prevention & control, Enterotoxins/genetics, Genomics, Mice | Genetics |
| Metabolism | 35852332 | Response Regulator CD1688 Is a Negative Modulator of Sporulation in Clostridioides difficile. | Kempher ML, Morris SC, Shadid TM, Menon SK, Ballard JD, West AH | J Bacteriol | 10.1128/jb.00130-22 | 2022 | Bacterial Proteins/metabolism, Clostridioides, *Clostridioides difficile/genetics, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Spores, Bacterial | |
| Pathogenicity | 35862761 | d-Proline Reductase Underlies Proline-Dependent Growth of Clostridioides difficile. | Johnstone MA, Self WT | J Bacteriol | 10.1128/jb.00229-22 | 2022 | Amino Acid Oxidoreductases, Amino Acids/metabolism, Clostridioides, *Clostridioides difficile, Glycine/metabolism, Humans, Hydroxyproline, Inflammation, Proline/metabolism, Selenoproteins | Metabolism |
Reference
| @id | authors | catalogue | doi/url | title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18803 | Curators of the DSMZ | Leibniz Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH (DSM 27147) | https://www.dsmz.de/collection/catalogue/details/culture/DSM-27147 | |
| 20215 | Parte, A.C., Sardà Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Göker, M. | 10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 | List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ | |
| 66792 | Julia Koblitz, Joaquim Sardà, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Boyke Bunk, Jörg Overmann | https://diaspora-project.de/progress.html#genomes | Automatically annotated for the DiASPora project (Digital Approaches for the Synthesis of Poorly Accessible Biodiversity Information) | |
| 68367 | Automatically annotated from API 20A | |||
| 68380 | Automatically annotated from API rID32A | |||
| 69480 | Julia Koblitz, Joaquim Sardà, Lorenz Christian Reimer, Boyke Bunk, Jörg Overmann | https://diaspora-project.de/progress.html#genomes | Predictions based on genome sequence made in the Diaspora project (Digital Approaches for the Synthesis of Poorly Accessible Biodiversity Information) | |
| 69481 | Xiao-Yin To, René Mreches, Martin Binder, Alice C. McHardy, Philipp C. Münch | 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2527258/v1 | Predictions based on the model GenomeNet Sporulation v. 1 | |
| 87210 | Reimer, L.C., Lissin, A.,Schober, I., Witte,J.F., Podstawka, A., Lüken, H., Bunk, B.,Overmann, J. | 10.60712/SI-ID405772.1 | StrainInfo: A central database for resolving microbial strain identifiers |